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Pituri is a common name for a mixture of wood ash and leaves chewed as a stimulant or, after extended use, a depressant by traditional Aboriginal Australians widely across the continent. Leaves are gathered from any of several species of native tobacco (''Nicotiana)'', or from at least one distinct population of the species ''Duboisia hopwoodii''. Various species of ''Acacia'', ''Grevillea'' and ''Eucalyptus'' are burned to produce the ash. The term may also refer to the plants from which the leaves are gathered or from which the ash is made.〔 Some authors use the term "pituri" to refer only to the plant ''Duboisia hopwoodii'' and its leaves and any chewing mixture containing its leaves.〔Silcock JL, Tischler M, Smith MA. ("Quantifying the Mulligan River Pituri, ''Duboisia hopwoodii'' ==History== The earliest record of Aboriginal chewing is found in Joseph Banks's 1770 journal:〔Cited in Ratsch ''et al''. 2010. Beaglehole JC. The Endeavour journal of Joseph Banks 1768-1771 (Two ) some account of that part of New Holland now called New South Wales. Angus and Robertson Limited; 1962.〕 Edmund Kennedy, in his 1847 record of a journey beyond the Barcoo River, described a leaf, tasting strong and hot with the aroma and flavour of tobacco, being chewed by the Aboriginal people.〔〔Cited in Ratsch ''et al''. 2010. Beale E, Kennedy EBC, Turner AA. The Barcoo and beyond, 1847: the journals of Edmund Besley Court Kennedy and Alfred Allatson Turner with new information on Kennedy's life. Hobart: Blubber Head Press; 1983.〕 Burke and Wills, on their ill-fated 1861 journey through central Australia, were given food by local Aboriginal people and also "stuff they call bedgery or pedgery" to chew, which Wills found highly intoxicating even in small amounts.〔Cited in Ratsch ''et al''. 2010. Wills W. Successful exploration through the interior of Australia, from Melbourne to the Gulf of Carpentaria. Adelaide: State Library of South Australia; 1996. Facsimile, original 1863 edition.〕 A report from Western Australia described the smoke from burning pituri leaves being used as an anaesthetic during surgical operations.〔Cited in Ratsch ''et al''. 2010. Herbert DA: The poison plants of Western Australia. Bulletin No. 96. Perth: Government Printer; 1926. Revised edition.〕 Other nineteenth century reports said pituri made old men seers, induced valour in warfare and allowed Aboriginal people to walk hundreds of kilometres without food or water; and a 1901 report claimed they "will usually give anything they possess for it". These reports generated significant curiosity within the local scientific community about the identity of the source plant and the identity of pituri's active chemical constituent.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pituri」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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