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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Pişmaniye ： ウィキペディア英語版 Pişmaniye ''Pişmaniye'' is a Turkish sweet in fine strands made by blending flour roasted in butter into pulled sugar. It is sometimes garnished with ground pistachio nuts. Although the texture is similar to cotton candy, both method and ingredients are different. Until recently pişmaniye used to be made at home in most regions of Turkey, but this tradition is now rapidly disappearing.〔Üçer, Müjgan (1992). ''Sivas Halk Mutfağı''. Sivas, 71-72〕 Today the manufacturing process is partially mechanised.〔Yıldırım, Renan, "Ağızda Dağılan Lezzet Pişmaniye", ''Skylife'', February 2003〕 There are many different Turkish names used in different provinces, the most common being ''tel helva, çekme helva, tel tel, tepme helva'' and ''keten helva''. ==Origin== The earliest Turkish reference to pişmaniye is a recipe by Şirvani,〔Şirvani, Muhammed bin Mahmud, ''15. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Mutfağı'', eds. Mustafa Argunşah and Müjgan Çakır, Istanbul:Gökkubbe Yayınları, 2005, 126-127; Priscilla Mary Işın, ''Gülbeşeker, Türk Tatlıları Tarihi'', İstanbul:Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2008, 191-192〕 a physician writing during the 1430s. The Persian form ''pashmak'', which is the origin of the Turkish name ''pişmaniye'', occurs in the poetry of the Iranian poet Ebu Ishak, also known as Bushak (d. 1423 or 1427).〔Ahmed Cavid, ''Tercüme-i Kenzü'l-İştiha'', eds. Seyit Ali Kahraman, Priscilla Mary Işın, İstanbul:Kitap Yayınevi, 2006, 22, 98〕 "Pashm" in Persian means wool, and "Pashmak" means wool-like. It may be of a Coptic origin from :'ⲡⲏⲥ: pis":〔Moawad Dawood Coptic dictionary , P:293b〕 which means :" to mix flour with fat" , and "ⲛⲏⲓⲛⲓ: nani or mani ":〔Moawad Dawood Coptic dictionary , P:206a〕 which means : "honey" , this candy found in Egypt, known as "halawa shaar حلاوة شعر" which means : "hair candy" , the word "pis-mani" ( flour mixed with fat -honey) could have transferred along with the "trained-labor transferring" from Egypt to Turkey during Ottoman period . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pişmaniye」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.