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Plantaginaceae, the plantain family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales. The type genus is ''Plantago'' L.. In older classifications it used to be the only family of the order Plantaginales, but numerous phylogenetic studies, summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, have demonstrated that this taxon should be included within Lamiales. ==Overview== The plantain family as traditionally circumscribed consisted of only three genera, ''Bougueria'', ''Littorella'', and ''Plantago''. However phylogenetic research has indicated that Plantaginaceae s.s. (s.s. = ''sensu stricto'', in the strict sense) were nested within Scrophulariaceae (but forming a group that did not include the type genus of that family, ''Scrophularia''). Although Veronicaceae (1782) is the oldest family name for this group, Plantaginaceae (1789) is a conserved name under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) and thus has priority over any earlier family name for a family including ''Plantago''. Furthermore, the ICBN does not consider family names published before 1789 to be names eligible for conservation, thus ruling out Veronicaceae. The name Antirrhinaceae has been proposed for conservation over Plantaginaceae. In the meantime, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has accepted the name Plantaginaceae. However, Olmstead (2003) has chosen to use the name Veronicaceae. Plantaginaceae s.l. (s.l. = ''sensu lato,'' in the broad sense) are a diverse, cosmopolitan family, occurring mostly in temperate zones. The group consists of herbs, shrubs and also a few aquatic plants with roots (such as the genus ''Callitriche''). Being so diverse, the circumscription of this family is difficult to establish. The leaves are spiral to opposite and simple to compound. Unusual in Lamiales is the absence of vertical partitions in the heads of the glandular hairs. The structure and form of the flowers is variable. Some genera are 4-merous (i.e. with 4 sepals and 4 petals), such as ''Aragoa'' (but this one has 5 sepals); others are 5-8-merous, such as ''Sibthorpia''. The flowers of most genera are polysymmetric. The corolla is often two-lipped. In some taxa, the androecium is formed before the corolla. The fruit is a capsule that dehisces through the partitions between the cells. A group of genera including ''Lindernia'' has recently been segregated 〔 as the family Linderniaceae,〔Rahmanzadeh, R., K. Müller, E. Fischer, D. Bartels & T. Borsch. 2005. The Linderniaceae and Gratiolaceae are further lineages distinct from the Scrophulariaceae (Lamiales). Pl. Biol. ( Stuttgart) 7: 67-78.〕 and recognized by Haston ''et al.'' 2007, (also known as LAPG II) as "Post-APG II family". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Plantaginaceae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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