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Plantazolicin (PZN) is a natural antibiotic produced by the gram-positive soil bacterium ''Bacillus amyloliquefaciens'' FZB42. PZN has specifically been identified as a selective bactericidal agent active against ''Bacillus anthracis'', the causative agent of anthrax. This natural product is a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP); it can be classified further as a thiazole/oxazole-modified microcin (TOMM) or a linear azole-containing peptide (LAP).〔Arnison PG, Bibb MJ, Bierbaum G, Bowers AA, Bugni TS, Bulaj G, Camarero JA, Campopiano DJ, Challis GL, Clardy J, Cotter PD, Craik DJ, Dawson M, Dittmann E, Donadio S, Dorrestein PC, Entian KD, Fischbach MA, Garavelli JS, Göransson U, Gruber CW, Haft DH, Hemscheidt TK, Hertweck C, Hill C, Horswill AR, Jaspars M, Kelly WL, Klinman JP, Kuipers OP, Link AJ, Liu W, Marahiel MA, Mitchell DA, Moll GN, Moore BS, Müller R, Nair SK, Nes IF, Norris GE, Olivera BM, Onaka H, Patchett ML, Piel J, Reaney MJ, Rebuffat S, Ross RP, Sahl HG, Schmidt EW, Selsted ME, Severinov K, Shen B, Sivonen K, Smith L, Stein T, Süssmuth RD, Tagg JR, Tang GL, Truman AW, Vederas JC, Walsh CT, Walton JD, Wenzel SC, Willey JM, van der Donk WA (2013). “Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products: overview and recommendations for a universal nomenclature”, Nat. Prod. Rep. 30 (1): 108-160. doi: 10.1039/c2np20085f. PMID 23165928.〕 The significance of PZN stems from its narrow-spectrum antibiotic activity. Most antibiotics in clinical use are broad-spectrum, acting against a wide variety of bacteria, and antibiotic resistance to these drugs is common. In contrast, PZN is antibacterial against only a small number of species, including ''Bacillus anthracis''. == History == The genes for the biosynthesis of PZN were first reported in 2008.〔Lee SW, Mitchell DA, Markley AL, Hensler ME, Gonzalez D, Wohlrab A, Dorrestein PC, Nizet V, Dixon JE (2008). “Discovery of a Widely Distributed Toxin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 (15): 5879-84. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0801338105. PMID 18375757.〕 The natural product was then isolated in 2011 from ''Bacillus amyloliquefaciens''.〔Scholz R, Molohon KJ, Nachtigall J, Vater J, Markley AL, Sussmuth RD, Mitchell DA, Borriss R (2011). “Plantazolicin, a Novel Microcin B17/Streptolysin S-like Natural Product from '' Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 '' ”. J. Bacteriol. 193 (1): 215-224. doi: 10.1128/JB.00784-10. PMID 20971906.〕 The structure of PZN was solved later that year by two independent research groups, primarily through high-resolution mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. 〔Kalyon B., Helaly SE, Scholz R, Nachtigall J, Vater J, Borriss R, Süssmuth RD (2001). “Plantazolicin A and B: Structure Elucidation of Ribosomally Synthesized Thiazole/Oxazole Peptides from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42”. Org. Lett. 13 (12): 2996-2999. doi: 10.1021/ol200809m. PMID 21568297.〕〔Molohon KJ, Melby JO, Lee J, Evans BS, Dunbar KL, Bumpus SB, Kelleher NL, Mitchell DA (2011). “Structure Determination and Interception of Biosynthetic Intermediates for the Plantazolicin Class of Highly Discriminating Antibiotics”. ACS Chem. Biol. 6 (12): 1307-1313. doi: 10.1021/cb200339d. PMID 21950656.〕 In 2013, various biomimetic chemical synthesis studies of PZN were reported, including a total synthesis.〔Banala S, Ensle P, Süssmuth RD (2013). “Total Synthesis of the Ribosomally Synthesized Linear Azole-Containing Peptide Plantazolicin A from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens”, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. doi: 10.1002/anie.201302266. PMID 23761292.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Plantazolicin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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