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Plesiocetus
''Plesiocetus'' is a genus of extinct balaenopterid from the Pliocene (Zanclean) of Belgium. It has had a chequered taxonomic history, having served as a wastebasket genus for a handful of mysticete species.
==Taxonomy==
The genus ''Plesiocetus'' was originally coined for three mysticete species from Neogene marine deposits in the vicinity of Antwerp, Belgium: ''P. garopii'', ''P. hupschii'', and ''P. burtinii''.〔Van Beneden, P.-J. 1859. Sur la découverte d’ossements fossiles faite à Saint-Nicolas. Bulletin de l’Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, Series 2, 8: 123–146.〕
The three originally included species of ''Plesiocetus'' went about their separate ways. ''P. garopii'' was designated the type species of the genus, while the other two were referred to ''Cetotherium''.〔Van Beneden, P.-J. 1872. Les baleines fossiles d’Anvers. Bulletin de l’Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, Series 2, 40: 736–758.〕(''P. hupschii'' and ''P. burtinii'' were later assigned to ''Plesiocetopsis'', which was originally erected as a subgenus of ''Cetotherium''〔Brandt, J. F. 1873. Untersuchungen über die fossilen und subfossilen cetaceen Europa's. Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, Series 7, 20(1): 1–372.〕) Later, van Beneden noted the similarities of ''Plesiocetus'' with the fin whale, so he renamed ''Plesiocetus garopii'' into ''Balaenoptera musculoides'', which is invalid under current ICZN rules. At the same time, he also erected the new species ''P. brialmontii'' on the basis of fragmentary remains, while referring ''Cetotherium dubius'' to ''Plesiocetus''.
The taxonomy of ''Plesiocetus'' by now was confused. ''Plesiocetus garopii'' was referred to ''Balaenoptera'' (making ''Plesiocetus'' a synonym of ''Balaenoptera''), while ''P. hupschii'' and ''P. burtinii'' were assigned to ''Cetotherium''.〔Deméré, T. 1986. The fossil whale, Balaenoptera davidsonii (Cope 1872), with a review of other Neogene species of Balaenoptera (Cetacea: Mysticeti). Marine Mammal Science, 2: 277–298.〕〔Lydekker, R. 1887. Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural History), Vol. 5, 1–345. London: British Museum (Natural History).〕 To avoid nomenclatorial complications, ''Plesiocetus hupschii'' was designated the type species of ''Plesiocetopsis'', removing any synonymy between ''Plesiocetus'' and ''Plesiocetopsis''.〔Kellogg, R. 1931. Pelagic mammals of the Temblor Formation of the Kern River region, California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 19(12): 217–397.〕 Recent studies, however, indicate that ''Plesiocetus'' shares no characters with ''Balaenoptera'' to the exclusion of other balaenopterids.〔Deméré, T., Berta, A. and McGoven, M. R. 2005. The taxonomic and evolutionary history of fossil and modern balaenopteroid mysticetes. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 12: 99–143.〕〔Steeman, M. E. (March 2010). "The extinct baleen whale fauna from the Miocene-Pliocene of Belgium and the diagnostic cetacean ear bones". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8 (1): 63–80. doi:10.1080/14772011003594961.〕 For its part, ''P. burtinii'' was referred to ''Aglaocetus'', while ''P. brialmontii'' was declared a nomen dubium.〔 These revisions leave ''P. garopii'' the type and only species of ''Plesiocetus''.
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