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Pliosauroidea is an extinct clade of marine reptiles. Pliosauroids, also commonly known as pliosaurs, are known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods. The pliosauroids were short-necked plesiosaurs with large heads and massive toothed jaws. These swimming reptiles were not dinosaurs, but distant cousins of modern turtles. They originally included only members of the family Pliosauridae, of the order Plesiosauria, but several other genera and families are now also included, the number and details of which vary according to the classification used. The distinguishing characteristics are a short neck and an elongated head, with larger hind flippers compared to the fore flippers, vice versa of the plesiosaurs. They were carnivorous and their long and powerful jaws carried many sharp, conical teeth. Pliosaurs range from 4 to 15 metres and more in length.〔(zoom dinosaurs )〕〔(Sea reptile is biggest on record ). BBC News, February 27, 2008.〕 Their prey may have included fish, sharks, ichthyosaurs, dinosaurs and other plesiosaurs. The largest known genera are ''Kronosaurus'' and ''Pliosaurus''; other well known genera include ''Rhomaleosaurus'', ''Peloneustes'', and ''Macroplata''.〔 (Low resolusion pdf ) (High resolusion pdf )〕 Fossil specimens have been found in Africa, Australia, China, Europe, North America and South America. Many very early (from the Early Jurassic and possibly Rhaetian (Latest Triassic)) primitive pliosauroids were very like plesiosauroids in appearance and, indeed, used to be included in the family Plesiosauridae. ==Name== Pliosauroidea was named by Welles in 1943. It is adapted from the name of the genus ''Pliosaurus'', which is derived from Greek, ''πλειων'' meaning "more/closely" and ''σαυρος'' meaning "lizard"; it therefore means "more saurian". The name ''Pliosaurus'' was coined in 1841 by Richard Owen, who believed that it represented a link between plesiosauroids and crocodilians (considered a type of "saurian"), particularly due to their crocodile-like teeth. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pliosauroidea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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