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Pliosaurus
''Pliosaurus'' (meaning 'more lizard') is an extinct genus of thalassophonean pliosaurid known from the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian stages (Late Jurassic) of Europe and South America.〔Gasparini, Z. & J. O’Gorman. 2014. A new species of ''Pliosaurus'' (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. ''Ameghiniana'', 51(4): 269-283.〕 Their diet would have included fish, cephalopods, and marine reptiles. This genus has contained many species in the past but recent reviews found only six to be valid, while the validity of two additional species awaits a petition to the ICZN. ''Pliosaurus'' currently consists of the type species ''P. brachydeirus'', and also ''P. brachyspondylus'', ''P. carpenteri'', ''P. funkei'', ''P. kevani'', ''P. macromerus'', ''P. rossicus'' and ''P. westburyensis'', as well as the invalid ''P. portentificus''.〔〔〔 Most species of ''Pliosaurus'' are notable for their large body size, while the others, ''P. brachydeirus'', ''P. brachyspondylus'' and ''P. portentificus'', are known exclusively from immature individuals. Species of this genus are differentiated from other pliosaurids based on seven autapomorphies, including teeth that are triangular in cross section.〔〔
==Description==
Using ''Liopleurodon'', another large pliosaurid, as a guide, a specimen found in the Svalbard islands of northern Europe has been estimated to have been long, in weight and had teeth long. The jaws of the creature may have been able to exert more force than those of a ''Tyrannosaurus rex'',〔 with one news source stating the bite was over 10 times more powerful than any modern animal and four times more powerful than that of a ''Tyrannosaurus''. It is estimated to have lived approximately 147 million years ago.〔("Fossil 'makes T-Rex look feeble'" ), news24.com, 17 March 2009.〕 Analysis of bones from the four flippers suggest that the animal cruised using just two fore-flippers, using the back pair for extra speed when pursuing and capturing prey. ''P. funkeis brain was of a similar type and size, proportionally, to that of today's great white shark, the team says.〔 Later on, thorough scrutiny of this Svalbard specimen revealed that it was not as massive as originally claimed; total length estimates have been revised to .
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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