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Pneumoencephalography
Pneumoencephalography (sometimes abbreviated PEG; also referred to as an "air study") was a common medical procedure in which most of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was drained from around the brain by means of a lumbar puncture and replaced with air, oxygen, or helium to allow the structure of the brain to show up more clearly on an X-ray image. It was derived from ventriculography, an earlier and more primitive method where the air is injected through holes drilled in the skull.
The procedure was introduced in 1919 by the American neurosurgeon Walter Dandy and was performed extensively until the late-1970s when it was replaced by more sophisticated and less-invasive modern neuroimaging techniques.
==Procedure==
Though pneumoencephalography was the single most important way of localizing brain lesions of its time, it was, nevertheless, extremely painful and generally not well tolerated by conscious patients. Headaches and severe vomiting were common side effects. During the procedure, the patient's entire body would be rotated into different positions in order to allow air to displace the CSF in different areas of the ventricular system and around the brain. This further added to the patient's already heightened level of discomfort (if not anesthetized). Following the exam, replacement of the drained CSF occurs by natural production, which restores its volume in less than a day. Video of the procedure is documented in a BBC documentary of an early EMI CT installation. (). A related procedure is pneumomyelography, where gas is used similarly to investigate the spinal canal.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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