|
| partner = | children = Thomas Rolfe (son) | parents = Wahunsenacawh / Chief Powhatan (father) }} Pocahontas (born Matoaka, known as Amonute, and later known as Rebecca Rolfe, 1595 – March 1617) was a Virginia Indian〔(Karenne Wood, ed., ''The Virginia Indian Heritage Trail'' ), Charlottesville, VA: Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 2007.〕 notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. Pocahontas was the daughter of Powhatan, the paramount chief〔 of a network of tributary tribal nations in the Tsenacommacah, encompassing the Tidewater region of Virginia. In a well-known historical anecdote, she is said to have saved the life of an Indian captive, Englishman John Smith, in 1607 by placing her head upon his own when her father raised his war club to execute him. Some historians have suggested that this story, as told by Smith, is untrue. Pocahontas was captured by the English during Anglo-Indian hostilities in 1613, and held for ransom. During her captivity, she converted to Christianity and took the name Rebecca. When the opportunity arose for her to return to her people, she chose to remain with the English. In April 1614, she married tobacco planter John Rolfe, and in January 1615, bore their son, Thomas Rolfe. In 1616, the Rolfes traveled to London. Pocahontas was presented to English society as an example of the "civilized savage" in hopes of stimulating investment in the Jamestown settlement. She became something of a celebrity, was elegantly fêted, and attended a masque at Whitehall Palace. In 1617, the Rolfes set sail for Virginia, but Pocahontas died at Gravesend of unknown causes. She was buried in a church in Gravesend in the United Kingdom, but the exact location of her grave is unknown.〔 Numerous places, landmarks, and products in the United States have been named after Pocahontas. Her story has been romanticized over the years, and she is a subject of art, literature, and film. Her descendants, through her son Thomas, include members of the First Families of Virginia, First Lady Edith Wilson, American Western actor Glenn Strange, and astronomer Percival Lowell. ==Early life== Pocahontas's birth year is unknown, but some historians estimate it to have been around 1596.〔 In ''A True Relation of Virginia'' (1608), Smith described the Pocahontas he met in the spring of 1608 as being "a child of years old".〔Smith, (''True Relation'' ), p. 93.〕 In a letter written in 1616, he again described her as she was in 1608, but this time she had grown slightly to "a child of twelve or thirteen years of age".〔Smith.(【引用サイトリンク】title=John Smith's 1616 Letter to Queen Anne of Great Britain )〕 Pocahontas was the daughter of Powhatan, the paramount chief of Tsenacommacah, an alliance of about thirty Algonquian-speaking groups and petty chiefdoms in Tidewater, Virginia.〔Huber, Margaret Williamson (January 12, 2011). ("Powhatan (d. 1618)" ). (Encyclopedia Virginia ). Retrieved February 18, 2011.〕 Her mother, whose name and specific group of origin are unknown, was one of dozens of wives taken by Powhatan; each wife gave him a single child and then was sent back to her village to be supported by the paramount chief until she found another husband.〔Rountree, Helen C. (January 25, 2011). ("Pocahontas (d. 1617)" ). (''Encyclopedia Virginia'' ). Retrieved February 27, 2011.〕 Pocahontas's childhood was probably little different from that of most girls who lived in Tsenacommacah. She learned how to perform what was considered to be women's work, which included foraging for food and firewood, farming, and searching for the plant materials used in building thatched houses.〔Rountree, Helen C. (November 3, 2010). ("Early Virginia Indian Education" ). (Encyclopedia Virginia ). Retrieved February 27, 2011.〕 As she grew older, she helped other members of Powhatan's household with preparations for large feasts.〔 Serving feasts, such as the one presented to John Smith after his capture, was a regular obligation of the ''Mamanatowick'', or paramount chief.〔Rountree, Helen C. (November 3, 2010). ("Cooking in Early Virginia Indian Society" ). (Encyclopedia Virginia ). Retrieved February 27, 2011.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pocahontas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|