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Pidhaitsi
Pidhaitsi ((ウクライナ語:Підгайці), (ポーランド語:Podhajce)) is a small city in the Ternopil Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Pidhaitsi Raion (district), and is located at around . Pidhaitsi is situated ''ca.'' 15.5 mi south of Berezhany, 43.5 mi from Ternopil and ''ca.'' 62 mi south-east of Lviv. In 1939 Pidhaitsi obtained the formal status of a city.〔(Official stats at the web-site of Verkhovna Rada ) 〕 During Soviet rule (1945–1991) it was part of the Berezhanskyi Raion. After Ukrainian independence, it was separated into an independent Pidhaitsi district.
As of 2001 the estimated population was 3,300. Many of the current residents have the surname Koropetskyi/Koropetska, likely attributable to city's proximity to the Koropets River.
== History ==
According to the sources, Pidhaitsi is one of the oldest settlements in the area. It was established in 1445.〔 The first written records of the town date to 1463, when a Catholic church was built by the regional governor, a member of the Potocki noble family. In 1698, the Battle of Podhajce took place near the town. Because of the Tatar invasions and its precarious location on Poland’s main route to the south, the city was surrounded by series of ramparts and rows with water. Most of the key monuments (churches, synagogue) were all built in impressive defensive style. In its early years, the town was governed according to Ruthenian and Polish law. In 1539 it was granted the right to use Magdeburg law. Here was fought the Battle of Podhajce (1667).
In modern period, Pidhaitsi was among the most important urban centers in western part of Podolia. Its population was almost entirely Jews and Poles. In 1897 an obelisk was erected adjacent to the (Polish) Catholic church to celebrate the 100th birthday of Polish writer Adam Mickiewicz. While the monument is still extent, the church is in desolate condition. In one of Pidhaitsi houses resided famous Polish composer Frédéric Chopin. After the Second World War, Pidhaitsi, along with most of eastern Galicia, was separated from Poland and annexed to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the Soviet Union. Since that time, the population has been almost entirely ethnically Ukrainian.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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