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Podlachia
Podlasie,〔(The Gate of Podlasie )〕〔(Podlasie )〕〔(Introducing Mazovia & Podlasie )〕〔(Podlasie24 )〕〔(Podlasie Jazz Festival )〕 or Podlachia〔Paul Robert Magocsi. ''Historical Atlas of Central Europe: From the early fifth century to the present''. Thames & Hudson, 2002.〕〔William Fiddian Reddaway. ''The Cambridge History of Poland: Volume 2''. 1971.〕〔Zigmantas Kiaupa. ''The History of Lithuania''. Baltos Lankos, 2005. p.52.〕〔Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, Myroslav Yurkevich. ''Historical Dictionary of Ukraine''. Scarecrow Press, 2005.〕〔Jerzy Kłoczowski. ''A History of Polish Christianity''. Cambridge University Press, 2000, p.268.〕 ((ポーランド語:Podlasie), (ベラルーシ語:Падляшша) Padlyashsha) is a historical region in the eastern part of Poland. Between 1569 and 1795 it was a voivodeship with the capital in Drohiczyn. Now the part north of Bug River is included in the modern Podlaskie Voivodeship with the capital in Białystok.
==Etymology==
The region is called ''Podlasie'', ''Podlasko'' or ''Podlasze'' in Polish,''Palenkė'' in Lithuanian, ''Padljašša'' (Падляшша) in Belarusian, ''Pidlissja'' (Підлісся), ''Pidljasije'' (Підлясіє), ''Pidlyashya'' (Підляшшя) or ''Pidljakhija'' (Підляхія) in Ukrainian, ''Podljas’e'' (Подлясье) in Russian, "Podlyashe" (פּאָדליאַשע) in Yiddish, and ''Podlachia'' in Latin.
There are two opinions regarding the origin of the name of the region. Commonly people derive it from the Slavic word ''les'' or ''las'' meaning "forest", i.e., it is an "by the wood(s)" or "area of forests", making ''Podlachia'' close in meaning to adjacent ''Polesia''. The theory has been questioned, as it does not properly take into consideration the vowel shifts "a" > "e" > "i" in various Slavic languages (in fact, it mixes vowels form different languages).
The second opinion, tells that the term comes from the expression ''pod Lachem'', which may be translated literally as "under the Poles" (see: Lechia). Some claim it to mean "under Polish rule" which does not seem historically sound, as the area belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until 1569. A better variant of this theory holds that the name originates from the period when the territory was within the Trakai Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, along the borderline with the Mazovia province, primarily a fief of the Poland of the Piasts and later on part of the Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons. Hence ''pod Lachem'' would mean "near the Poles", "along the border with Poland". The historical Lithuanian name of the region, ''Palenkė'', has exactly this meaning.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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