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== Afrikanerisms == This list of "Afrikanerisms" comprises slang words and phrases influenced by Afrikaans and other African languages. Typical users include people with Afrikaans as their first language but who speak English as a second language; and people living in areas where the population speaks both English and Afrikaans. Many of these terms also occur widely amongst ethnic/native South Africans. These terms do not occur in formal South African English. Fanakalo also refers to when people of non Zulu origin attempt to speak Zulu without the proper pronunciation and throat sounds. Fanakalo in Zulu literally means "same as this" – (fana – same, ka – as, lo – this). *''ag man'' – oh man; ''ag'' as the Afrikaans equivalent to "oh" (pronounced \ach\ like German ACHtung), ''man'' pronounced as in English. *''antie'' – an older female authority figure. (from the English "aunt". ) *''anties'' – breasts *''aweh/awe'' (pronounced \AAAH-WHERE\ --> not rolling the "R") – said in excitement, as in: ''Aweh; my boss said I can go home early today.'' The word has many meanings or uses: "hello", "goodbye", "yes". Also associated with prison use. (Greeting) "Aweh, my bru." (Hello my friend). Similar: ''howzit'', ''yooit'', ''hoesit'', ''yo''. *''baas'' – boss *''babbelbekkie'' – Someone who talks a lot *''babelaas'' / ''babbelas'' – hangover (of Zulu origin) *''bakgat'' – cool; expression of appreciation for something very well accomplished *''bakkie'' – a utility truck or pick-up truck, now a mainstream word in South African English. Can also refer to a small container. *''bakvissie'' – a giggly teenage girl (from ''bakvis'', a fish too small to be kept and thrown back into the water). *''bale'' – (TV) used to signify annoyance (pronounced barlee) *''befok'' – really good, exciting, cool; as in "The rock-show was ''befok''." (not confuse with ''gefok''. ) Can also mean "crazy" in a very strong sense, as in "Are you befok?" — derogatory. Can also mean "to have sex with". *''bek'' – derogatory term for mouth (Afrikaans: an animal's mouth); ''Hou jou bek!'' – "shut up!" , "Shut your trap!" (literally: "hold your () mouth"). This translates well into British English as "Shut your gob." *''bergie'' – from Afrikaans ''berg'', which translates to "mountain", originally referring to vagrants who sheltered in the forests of Table Mountain; now a mainstream word for a particular subculture of vagrants, or homeless persons, especially in Cape Town. *''bill'' – used to ask for the cheque; as in: "Can I have the bill, please?", identical to British English. *''biltong'' – dried meat, similar to jerky (a mainstream word) *''blerrie/bladdy hell'' – damn/damnit *''bliksem'' – strike, hit, punch; also used as an expression of surprise/emphasis. It derives from the Dutch word for "lightning", and often occurs in conjunction with ''donner''. Used as a curse in Afrikaans: "Jou bliksem!" (You bastard!) *''bioscope'', ''bio'' – cinema, movie theatre ( dated), originally an international English word that became defunct elsewhere, it has survived longer in South Africa〔The Oxford English Dictionary notes the special usage of the word "bioscope" in South Africa〕 as a result of the influence of the Afrikaans cognate ''bioskoop''. Also related to the Dutch word "bioscoop", which means "cinema" in Netherlands usage. *''blou'' – being sad, as in the English language ''feeling blue'' *''bloutrein'' – literally "blue train", referring to methylated spirits, sometimes used for drinking (filtered through a loaf of white bread). Also refers to the Blue Train (two words), a luxury train that travels from Pretoria to Cape Town. *''boer'' – literally "farmer" in Afrikaans. English-speaking people use the word to indicate an Afrikaans farmer, especially in a derogatory way, like "country bumpkin", "boorish"; but Afrikaners use it with much pride, indicating a person with a deep love of the soil of Africa, a provider of food. ''Boere'' (the plural form) can also refer to the police. "Boer" does not only refer to an Afrikaans farmer, but also to a proudly Afrikaans person, whether he farms for a living or not. *''boerewors'' – popular type of sausage in South Africa. In Afrikaans, literally "farmer-sausage", used as a mainstream word in South African English. *''boet'' – male friend (from boetie, informal form of ''broer'' meaning brother, see also ''bru'' and ''bra'' below); compare American English: "dude" *''bokkie'' – (diminutive of ''bok'', literally meaning "little buck" or "doe") a popular term of endearment, comparable to "sweetheart", "honey", etc. *''boom'' – Literal translation is "tree" but is commonly used to refer to marijuana *''bosberaad'' – strategy meeting held outdoors, for example in a game reserve *''bossies'', or ''bosbefok'' – crazy, whacko, mad. Also a term for one who has shell shock. Refers to the time of the South African Border War where soldiers spent time in the bush ("bos/bosse") and would return home suffering battle flash-backs (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). *''bradley'' - vagina *''brak'' – mongrel dog, can also refer to brackish water. *''broekie'' – panties or ladies underwear. From Afrikaans: ''broek'', meaning "trousers". Common usage: "Don't get your broekies in a knot" which means "Calm down". *''broekie lace'' – ornate ironwork found on Victorian buildings (lit. 'pantie lace'), the tie that you find on board shorts *''bra'' – male friend *''bru'' – A term of affection. (see also "bra" and "boet"). Shortened from Afrikaans ''broer'', meaning "brother". An example would be "Hey, my bru, howzit?" *''buk'' – Put your head down quickly, as in "Buk when you go in the door, it's really low." *''button'' – mandrax tablet (Slang Only) *''braai'' – a barbecue, to barbecue (from ''braaivleis'' - grilled meat), used as a mainstream word in South African English. *''cheekyprawn'' – a term of foul abuse *''cherry'' – "meddie", see ''tjerrie'' *''china/chine'' – a friend; as in the greeting ''Howzit my china?'' Likely origin: Cockney rhyming slang "China plate" (meaning "my mate"); from early British immigrants. *''chan'' – a derogatory term for an overweight, metrosexual South African. (likely origin: derived from the slang term ''china/chine''). Also used as a variation to bru and bra. *''chommie/chomma'' – a friend (similar to English "chum"); also refers to the perineum area between vagina and anus. Also spelled ''tjommie''. *''choty goty'' – beautiful girl *''chrisco'' – a party/disco where Christian music mainly features. A combination of the words 'Christian' and 'Disco'. *''Chwee chweereekeys''– getting high *''cuiter'' – somebody one has a strong dislike for. It has a similar meaning to the word ''cunt'' in the English language. *''cullis'' – young girl who is extremely lead. *''dagga'' – most commonly used word for marijuana. *''dikbek'' – grumpy, in a huff (literally: "thick mouth" (pout), with an image of puffed-out cheeks like a bullfrog) *''dinges'' – thingamabob, a wotzit or a whatchamacallit. Dutch - ''dinges''. *''doos'' – literally the Afrikaans translation for "box". Depending on context, the slang/derogatory version can mean ''prat'', ''twat'' or ''idiot''. *''domkop'' – idiot (lit. Dumbhead), same as German "Dummkopf" or Dutch "domkop" *''donner'' – to beat up. Used together with "bliksem". Derived from "donder" (thunder, related to Thor). Amounts to an ancient curse. Like "Nick I'm going to donner you" *''dof'' – stupid or slow to understand. *''dop'' – alcohol, to drink alcohol, to fail. For example: "Come and drink a dop (a drink) with me" or "I'm gonna dop that test." Originally refers to a tot (measure). *''dorpie'' – small town *''doss, dorse, dossing'' – Sleep or nap. *''Droëwors'' – (Afrikaans) 'dry sausage', similar to biltong *''dronkie'' – drunkard *''druk'' – to embrace or squeeze, hug (noun) "Gee my 'n drukkie," "Give me a hug." (not necessary sexually) *''dwankie'' – someone or something that is lame, stupid, uncool, or generally undesirable. Generally used as an insult or in a derogatory way. Zef slang. Can be used as both a noun: "Look at those dwankies over there!" and an adjective: "My chinas have gone dwankie!" *''eina!'' – ouch! used as a mainstream word in South African English. (of Khoisan origin. ) *''eish!'' - Wow! What? Expression of surprise. Of Bantu origin. *''ek sê'' – I say! *''entjie'' – Cigarette. For example, "Awe ou. Steek 'n ent!" *''flaterwater'' – correction fluid (e.g.: Tipp-Ex, Wite-Out) (from ''flater'' (mistake) and ''water'' (water) ) *''flou'' – an unfunny (weak) joke (from the Afrikaans word for ''weak''), can also refer to weak coffee or tea or weak alcoholic drink. A person that is weak. (Die man is te flou – "The man is too weak"). *''fok'' – Afrikaans for "fuck", can be used in most ways it is used in English. Fokken = fucking, gefok = fucked. Dutch - ''Fokken'' = breeding (animals). *''goffel'' – Ugly girl/woman. For example, "What a G!". Also a degrading term for a person of coloured origin. *''gomgat'' – bumpkin, redneck (in the US sense, not to be confused with ''rooinek'', the literal translation of redneck). *''goof, ghoef'' – swim, take a dip *''gooi'' – throw, chuck or to "tune" (see below) someone. *''goose'' – also chick, cherry: a young woman or girlfriend (used mainly during the 1950s, now dated). Also a famous line by South African comedian Barry Hilton. *''houding'' – character or style. *''heita'' – "hello" or "hi". It was from this that telecommunications company Telkom got the name 8.ta for their mobile addition. *''hoesit, hoezit'', ''howzit'' – derived from "How is it going? – contracted to how's it? In South African English context, howzit is more a greeting of "hello" rather than "how are you?", similar to South African black slang's "eta" or "ola" *''in sy moer'' – badly damaged, destroyed (rude, often considered profanity due to 'moer' to beat up). *''ja'' – yeah (literally "yes" in Afrikaans) *''jux/juks/jags'' – Meaning "horny". For example, "Jinne meisie, jy maak my nou sommer lekker jags." *''ja-nee'' – literally "yes-no", an expression of positive confirmation. Example : ''Dis warm vandag.'' ("It's hot today") : ''Ja-nee'' ("Indeed") *''jislaaik!'' – expression of surprise, can be positive or negative. Often used when you get a fright, but equally often during particularly exciting parts of a rugby game. * ''jo'' – an expression of surprise e.g., "Jo, that was rude" "Jo, you gave me a fright!" pron. yo as in New York) *''jol'' – to have fun, to party, can also refer to a disco or party, to commit adultery or even dating or courting *''kak'' – Literal translation: shit, crap, rubbish, nonsense (vulgar), of very wide usage. Also used as a way of further expressing one's feeling in language, for example, instead of "that girl is pretty" one can say emphatically "that girl is kak pretty!" *''katkop'' – half a loaf of bread hollowed out and filled with chips (i.e. French fries, not crisps. Often regarded as basic prison food. (Literal translation from Afrikaans = cat head or cat's head). In South Africa French fries refers to thinly cut fried potato chips, whereas slap tjips (lit. limp chips) refers to the thicker British-style chip. Crispy potato chips are known as potato crisps. *''khaki'' – (the colour worn by British troops ) derogatory term for an English person. *''kêrels'' – police (original Afrikaans meaning: guys, chaps). "The kêrels are coming, watch out!" (dated). More commonly referring to boyfriend or literal translation: Guy or young man. Dutch - ''kerels''. *''kiff, kif, kief'' – (adjective) wicked, cool, neat, great, wonderful. The word derives from the Arabic word 'kif' meaning pleasure or marijuana. This may also be related to the Afrikaans word for poison: ''gif''. Coastal pot-smokers used the term to refer to Durban Poison: "Gifs" (marijuana ). The word evolved into ''kiff'', an adjective or exclamation meaning "cool", amongst English-speaking people on the east coast. *''klankie'' – unpleasant smell. Also said as just "klank". Pronounced as in "clunk" *''klap'' – to smack. (from Afrikaans). "He got klapped in the bar". Like a ("bitch-slap" ). *''koffie-moffie'' – a camp male waiter or air steward. See "moffie". *''kont'' – same as 'cunt' in English (profanity) *''krimpie'' – old person *''kwaai'' – cool, excellent (Afrikaans: "angry". Compare the US slang word ''phat''.) *''kydaar'' Visitor from northern provinces, especially Gauteng, to Cape Town; from "kyk daar!" - "just look at that!". see also "soppiekoppie" *''lag'' – to laugh. For example: ''They lag at the joke.'' *''laaitie'', ''lighty'' – a younger person, esp. a younger male such as a younger brother or son *''lank'' – lots/a lot *''laanie, larny'' – (n) boss, used in a deferent tone. (adj) fancy'' *''las'' – 1. an act that is undesirable to commit, a burden. 2. To tell someone or suggest to stop doing an act. (origin: something that is slowing you or an object down; for example, "'n Las in die pad.", meaning "An object as in a stone in the road.") *''lus'' – to have a craving for. "I lus for a cigarette". (Also see "smaak".) *''lekker'' – nice, good, great (lit. tasty), for example "tik, tik is lekker". *''loskind'' – a really slutty girl, usually wears revealing clothes and is easy to get with (for example: "Sarah is 'n fokken loskind!") *''loskop'' – air head, literally a "lost head" refers to someone whose head is in the clouds, clumsy, forgetful. *''maaifoedie'' – motherfucker, as in "Jou maaifoedie" *''maat'' – friend (OED), also your partner (wife, girlfriend) *''mal'' – mad, crazy, insane *''mallie'' – mother *''mamparra'' – idiot *''mmchakawally'' – Cigarettes * * ''mugwaai'' - Cigarette * * ''entjie'' - Cigarette * * ''Gebruiker'' - Cigarette *''mielie'' – millet corn (AmE) / maize (BrE), staple diet *''muggie'' – bug, especially a little flying gnat *''moegoe'' – stupid person, coward, or weakling *''moffie'' – male homosexual (derogatory). Can be compared to "fairy". From "mofskaap", castrated sheep. *''moer-toe'' – stuffed up or destroyed (my car is moer-toe) * * ''moerse'' - big, for example: "thats a moerse house" * * ''moer'' - to hit / to fight with, for example: "he is gonna moer you" *''mompie'' – retard. ("Liesl, you are such a mompie!") *''morne'' – boring, sterile, unexciting. ("This is more morne than watching Saracens play!") *''mos'' – Afrikaans, implies that what has been said is well known or self-evident (a formal part of grammar, the closest English equivalent would be ''"duh!"''). ''"Ek drink mos tee."'' (''"I drink tea, duh!"''). Used at the end of a sentence, as in ''"...Jy weet mos."'' (''"... Obviously, as you know... "'') *''motivate'' (English) -- from Afrikaans "to justify or provide reasons for a suggestion or proposal", as opposed to English "inspire". *''naai'' (Afrikaans) - copulate; but strictly speaking "sew" - from action of sewing machine needle. *''naartjie'' (Afrikaans) – tangerine, mandarin, satsuma – any peelable orange-coloured citrus fruit with neat segments; used as a mainstream word in South African English, and a dietary staple. Often thrown at T.V. when frustrated with referee decisions. *''N.A.A.F.I.'' – (pronounced NAAFI) acronym for: "No Ambition and Fuck-all Interest"; (originated from the (still existing) British military "Navy, Army and Air Force Institute") referring to a lazy person. Used extensively during the days of National Service. *''nè?'' – do you know what I mean/agree?, oh really?, is it not so? or British English "innit?". From the French "n'est-ce pas" meaning "Isn't it?". e.g. "Jy hou van tee, nè?" ("You like tea, not so?") (informal). The South African English equivalent is "hey", for example "Eish, its cold hey?". *''nogal'' – of all things. Term expressing a measure of surprise *''nooit'' – never, no way, unbelievable! *''oom'' – an older man of authority, commonly in reference to an older Afrikaans man (Afrikaans for "uncle") *''ou'' (plural = ''ouens'') man, guy, bloke (also ''oke'') (literally "old") *''ouballie'' – old man, dad; as in: "shaft me, ouballie" "My ouballie (father, dad) will be home soon". *''ousie'' – Term used to refer to a maid, usually a black female; also used by black females to call/refer to each other *''pap'' – traditional maize porridge similar to grits; can also mean "deflated". *''paraat'' – disciplined. Somebody who is paraat, generally has "houding" i.e style / character *''plaas'' – lit.: farm. Also, when someone falls down: Plaas gekoop. *''platteland'' – rural area, country (as in living in the country, as opposed to living in the city) *''piel'' – derogatory term for a male genitalia ("cock" or "dick") *''poepol'' - (from poephol, arse) an idiot. lit. an arsehole, but not as derogatory. *''poes'' – derogatory term for a female genitalia ("pussy" or "cunt") *''pommie'', ''pom'' – derogatory term for an English person (borrowed from Australia) *''rooinek'' – ("red neck") Afrikaner derogatory term for English person or English-speaking South African. Derived in the 19th century due to native British not being used to the hot African sun and getting sunburnt, especially on the neck. Almost the exact opposite to the American usage of "redneck". Alternative explanation, reference to the fact that British officers during the two Boer Wars had red collars. *''sat'' – tired, dead – "Ek is siek en sat van sy nonsens" – "I'm sick and tired of his nonsense", see 'vrek' below (pronounced as sut in English) *''sies'', "sis" – expression of disgust, disappointment, annoyance, as in: ''Ag sies man''. * * ''Sie-sah'' - expression of goodness, or of disgust, depending on context. *''scrompie'' – slang for "hobo" or ''bergie''. (Liesl told her 7-year-old son, Karl, to walk away from the scrompie walking towards them.) *''skapie'' – someone who might be referred to as a "pussy". Literally "little sheep". *''skeef'' – skewed, gay, as in: ''hy het 'n bietjie skeef voorgekom'' (he seemed a bit gay) *''skief'' – to glare at someone (root: Afrikaans 'skeef', skew) *''skop, skiet en boomklim'' – literally "kicking, shooting and climbing trees". A colloquial description of an action film, usually of the lighter, more humorous kind. (Think Jackie Chan.) *''skop, skiet en donner'' – literally "kicking, shooting and beating people up". A colloquial description of an action movie of the more violent kind. (Think Jean-Claude Van Damme.) *''skelm'' – (pronounced: skellem) crook or trouble-maker, mistress, secret lover, on the sly *''skinner, skinder'' – gossip *''skop'' – kick *''skort'' – watch out, be careful or something is wrong here. *''skraal'' – very hungry. (Durban region, from Afrikaans for "thin" or "emaciated".) *''skrik'' – fright *''skyf'' – cigarette, a puff, and also less commonly marijuana or ''dagga''. *''slapgat'' – English translation "lazy arse", also can refer to something badly put together, "Hy het dit slapgat gemaak" (he put it together haphazardly) *''slaptjips'' – (pronounced as "slup chips") similar to thick-cut British chips; usually soft, oily and soaked in vinegar. Slap is Afrikaans for "limp". French fries refers to thinly cut chips. Crispy potato chips are referred to as 'crisps'. *''smaak'' – to like another person or thing. "Seems" as in "smaak my ..." I get the impression that... *''smaak stukkend'' – to like very much or to love to pieces (literal meaning of stukkend). "Ek smaak you stukkend" = "I love you madly". *''smeerlaken'' – Afrikaans lit. "spread" + "sheet" i.e. an Excel or Lotus worksheet. *''sneeudier'' – old person *''soek'' – to look for trouble with someone/to antagonise/to stir up trouble = "you soeking with me?" – Afrikaans: "to seek or look for". *''sommer'' – for no particular reason, "just because" *''soppiekoppie'' - derogatory term for up-country visitor to Cape Town, from "pasop die koppie" ("careful of your little head!") from the habit of fathers carrying their small children on their shoulders and warning them of the low door beams in old buildings in Cape Town. *''sosatie'' – a kebab on a skewer, used as mainstream word in South African English. *''soutpiel/soutie'' – derogatory term for English person, literally ''salty penis''. Someone with one foot in England, the other in South Africa and their penis hanging in the Atlantic Ocean. *''steek'' – stab, poke (with knife). "He/she steeked her/him" = "He/she poked her/him". Also see "naai" = Nick steeked me stukkend. *''stukkie'', ''stekkie'' – a woman (from the Afrikaans meaning "a piece") – mostly used when referring to a woman that you have/have casual encounters with, girlfriend. *''stoep'' – porch, verandah, like American English ''stoop'', but pronounced with a shorter vowel. *''stompie'' – a cigarette butt, a short person or impolite term to refer to the remaining arm/leg/finger after an amputation. *''stukkend'' – (Afrikaans) broken, a lot. Also commonly used when someone is hungover. For example, "I am so stukkend". *''swak'' – broke. Original Afrikaans: weak. "I'm swak, ek sê". Also used to suggest that someone's behaviour was harsh (with varying degrees of seriousness, depending on tone and context), for example: "It's swak that I failed the test" *''tekkies'' – sneakers. (The Anglicised pronunciation ''tackies'' has become mainstream in South African English.) *''tiet'' – English equivalent ''Boob'' or ''Breast'' (from 'teat') *''tet'' – breast or boob *''toppie'', ''ou toppie'' – father – see ''ouballie'' *''trek'' – to move or pull. (The word has become international with the meaning of "making a pioneering journey"; the slang usage more closely resembles the standard Afrikaans meaning.) *''tuinbooi'' – Term used to refer to a gardener, usually a black gardener. *''TVP'' (tiener velprobleem) – Acne problems *''vaalie'' – mildly derogatory term used by people on the coast for a tourist from inland (Root: Old Transvaal province) *''vellies'' – veldskoene, traditional Afrikaans outdoors shoes made from hide *''verkramp'' – politically conservative or pessimistic, the opposite of ''verlig'', or enlightened *''voertsek'', ''voetsek'' – get lost, buzz off, go away, run, scram, stuff off, bugger off (it can be considered rude, depending on the context) – usually used when referring to an animal. From the Dutch "vort, zeg ik" - used with animals, meaning "Go away!" or "Get moving" *''vrek'' – Afrikaans meaning for an animal dying. Possibly from Dutch "verrekken" to dislocate? *''vrot'' – bad, rotten, putrid, sometimes drunk. *''vrotbek'' – someone who swears a lot or is swearing a lot at the moment. *''vry'' – to make out or courting (equivalent to American "necking", British "snogging" or Australian "pashing") *''Vrystaat vernier'' – Shifting spanner. *''waai'' – slang for "to go". Durbanites like to say "Hey, let's waai pozzy." = Let's go home. *''woes'' – wild, untidy, unkempt or irreverent. A general term pertaining to either a person, behaviour or situation. *''wys'' - multiple meanings - to insult (see tune) or to say e.g. "Yoh, John wys me after I told him to shut up!" *''yoh'' – an expression of surprise e.g., "Yoh, that was rude" "Yoh, you gave me a fright!", (Police-chief talking about the poor physique of his policemen) "They should look at our men and say "yoh!". *''zef'' – from Ford Zephyr car, cheap to tune-up; cool, rough guy; common person; kitsch. *''zol'' – a homemade cigarette rolled with old newspaper or rizlas (likely marijuana-filled) joint (equivalent to American "doobie") *''zamalek'' – Black Label Lager, locally brewed under licence (derived fro.m the Egyptian football team of the same name because of the team colors) A very popular local beer because of the high alcohol content. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of South African slang words」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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