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Poglish, Polglish or Ponglish (in Polish, often rendered "''Poglisz''"), a portmanteau word combining the words "Polish" and "English," designates the product of mixing Polish- and English-language elements (morphemes, words, grammatical structures, syntactic elements, idioms, etc.) within a single speech production, or the use of "false friends" and of cognate words in senses that have diverged from those of the common etymological root. Such combining or confusion of Polish and English elements, when it occurs within a single word, term or phrase (e.g., in a hybrid word), may, inadvertently or deliberately, produce a neologism. Poglish is a common (to greater or lesser degree, almost unavoidable) phenomenon among persons bilingual in Polish and English, and its avoidance requires considerable effort and attention. Poglish is a manifestation of a broader phenomenon, that of language interference. As is the case with the mixing of other language pairs, the results of Poglish speech (oral or written) may sometimes be confusing, amusing or embarrassing. Variant names for this linguistic melange include "Polglish", "Pinglish" and "Ponglish". A term sometimes used by native Polish-speakers is "Half ''na pół''" ("Half-and-half"). ==Mis-metaphrase== One of the two chief approaches to translation, "metaphrase" also referred to as "formal equivalence," "literal translation," or "word-for-word translation" must be used with great care especially in relation to idioms.〔Christopher Kasparek, "The Translator's Endless Toil," ''The Polish Review'', vol. XXVIII, no. 2, 1983, p. 87.〕 Madeleine Masson, in her biography of the Polish World War II S.O.E. agent Krystyna Skarbek, quotes her as speaking of "lying ''on'' the sun" and astutely surmises that this is "possibly a direct translation from the Polish."〔Madeleine Masson, ''Christine: a Search for Christine Granville...'', London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975, p. 182.〕 Indeed, the Polish idiom "''leżeć ''na'' słońcu''" ("to lie on the sun", that is, sunbathe) is, if anything, only marginally less absurd than its English equivalent, "to lie in the sun."〔Christopher Kasparek, "Krystyna Skarbek...," ''The Polish Review'', vol. XLIX, no. 3, 2004, p. 950.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Poglish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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