|
Polabian Slavs (, (ポーランド語:Słowianie połabscy), ) is a collective term applied to a number of Lechite tribes who lived along the Elbe river in what is today Eastern Germany. The approximate territory stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north, the Saale〔De Vere, 353〕 and the ''Limes Saxoniae''〔Christiansen, 18〕 in the west, the Ore Mountains and the Western Sudetes in the south, and Poland in the east. They have also been known as Elbe Slavs〔Goldberg, 134〕 ((ドイツ語:Elbslawen)) or Wends. Their name derives from the Slavic ''po'', meaning "by/next to/along", and the Slavic name for the Elbe (''Labe'' in Czech and Łaba in Polish). The Polabian Slavs started settling in the territory of modern Germany in the 6th century. They were largely conquered by Saxons and Danes since the 9th century and subsequently included within the Holy Roman Empire. The tribes were gradually Germanized and assimilated in the following centuries; the Sorbs are the only descendants of the Polabian Slavs to have retained their identity and culture. The Polabian language is now extinct. However, both Sorbian languages are spoken by approximately 60,000 inhabitants of the region and the languages are regarded by the government of Germany as official languages of the region. == Tribes == The Bavarian Geographer anonymous medieval document compiled in Regensburg in 830 contains a list of the tribes in Central-Eastern Europe to the east of the Elbe. Among other tribes it lists the Uuilci (Veleti)- with 95 civitates, the Nortabtrezi (Obotrites) - 53 civitates, the Milzane (Milceni)- 30 civitates, and the Hehfeldi (Hevelli)- 14 civitates. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia classifies the Polabian Slavs in three main tribes, the Obotrites, the Veleti, and the Lusatian Sorbs. The main tribes〔Herrmann, 7〕 of the Obotritic confederation were the Obotrites proper (Wismar Bay to the Schweriner See); the Wagrians (eastern Holstein); the Warnabi (''Warnower'') (the upper Warnow and Mildenitz); and the Polabians proper (between the Trave and the Elbe). Other tribes associated with the confederation include the Linones (''Linonen'') near Lenzen, the Travnjane near the Trave, and the Drevani in the Hanoverian Wendland and the northern Altmark.〔Herrmann, 8〕 The Veleti, also known as the Liutizians or Wilzians, included the Kessinians (''Kessiner'', ''Chyzzini'') along the lower Warnow and Rostock; the Circipani (''Zirzipanen'') between the Recknitz, Trebel, and Peene Rivers; the Tollenser east and south of the Peene along the Tollense River; and the Redarier south and east of the Tollensesee on the upper Havel. The Redarier were the most important of the Veleti tribes.〔 The Rani of Rügen, not to be confused with the older Germanic Rugians, are sometimes considered to be part of the Veleti.〔Christiansen, 27〕 South of the Rani were the Ucri (''Ukranen'') along the Ucker and the Morici (''Morizani'', ''Müritzer'') along the Müritz;〔 the former gave their name to the Uckermark. Smaller tribes included the Došane along the Dosse, the Zamzizi in the Ruppin Land, and the Rěčanen on the upper Havel. Along the lower Havel and near the confluence of the Elbe and the Havel lived the Nelětici, the Liezizi, the Zemzizi, the Smeldingi (''Smeldinger''), and the Bethenici.〔 The middle Havel region and the Havelland were settled by the Hevelli, a tribe loosely connected to the Veleti. East of the Hevelli lived the Sprevane of the lower Dahme and Spree rivers.〔 Small tribes on the middle Elbe included the Moriciani, the Zerwisti, the Serimunt, and the Nicici. South of the Hevelli lived the ancestors of the modern Sorbs, the Lusici of Lower Lusatia and the Milceni of Upper Lusatia. Near these tribes were the Selpoli and the Besunzanen.〔 The Colodici, Siusler, and Glomaci (''Daleminzier'') lived along the upper Elbe, while the Chutici, Nisanen, Plisni, Gera, Puonzowa, Tucharin, Weta, and groups of Nelětici lived near the Saale.〔Herrmann, 9〕 On the middle Oder lived the Leubuzzi, who were associated with medieval Poland. Small groups of West Slavs also lived on the Main and the Regnitz near Bamberg and in northeastern Bavaria.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Polabian Slavs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|