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Polavision was an instant movie camera system launched by Polaroid in 1977. Unlike other motion-picture film stock of the time, Polavision generated color using an additive process. It consisted of (essentially) a black-and-white film base and three-color filter layer.〔(The Land List -- Film Index ), The Land List. (Sections: "Type 608", Additive process, density problems; "Polachrome CS", Polavision/Polachrome negative differences.) Article retrieved 2006-12-01.〕 In this sense, it was somewhat similar to the much earlier Dufaycolor process. The Polavision cartridge was a small rectangular box with the film reels self-contained, along with a small lens and prism for projection at an open gate. The film format was similar to the super 8mm format, but unless viewed in a Polavision viewer, the only way that developed films can be viewed was by destroying the cartridge and projecting in a super 8mm projector, a super 8mm telecine system, or other transferring procedures. The Polavision system was a major commercial failure,〔 and was discontinued in 1979. However, the underlying technology was improved and used as the basis for the Polachrome instant color transparency system in 1983. == Problems and commercial failure == Due to the light-loss caused by the filtering layer (only one of red, green or blue was let through for a given portion of film), the resulting film had relatively low light sensitivity (40 ASA) and the resulting footage was much denser than with other processes.〔 As a result, Polaroid designed a standalone table-top projector/viewer, which was intended to reduce the problems inherent in projecting such dense film.〔 The viewer used a translucent screen, projecting the image from behind, but critics from publications like ''Consumer Reports'' called the images "murky and dark." Despite this (or perhaps because of it), the format was used by artists, including Charles and Ray Eames, Stan Brakhage and Andy Warhol. One market niche Polaroid promoted was the field of industrial testing, where the camera would record, for example, the destruction of a pipe under pressure. This type of use was moderately price insensitive, with the ability to get the images quickly (thus reducing wasted crew time) a very positive selling feature. In addition to the density problems, the process was late to market and had to compete with upcoming videocassette-based systems like Betamax and VHS. Unlike videotape, Polavision films, once developed, could not be reused nor played on a television, nor did it have sound. Polavision proved to be an expensive failure,〔Giambarba, Paul, ("The Last Hurrah – Polavision, 1977" ), "The Branding of Polaroid 1957-1977". Article dated 2004-09-01. Retrieved 2006-12-01.〕 and most of the manufactured equipment was sold off in 1979 as a job lot at a loss of $68.5 million. In the wake of those losses, Polaroid chairman and founder Edwin H. Land resigned the chief executive position in 1980 and left the company two years later.〔Blumstein, Michael (1982-07-28) ("Era Ends as Land Leaves Polaroid" ), The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-11-06.〕 Former Polaroid freelancer Paul Giambarba remarked, 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Polavision」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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