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Police ((ドイツ語:Pölitz); Kashubian/Pomeranian: ''Pòlice'') is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, northwestern Poland. It is the capital of Police County. As of 2007, the town had 34,220 inhabitants. This is one of the biggest towns of Szczecin agglomeration. The town is situated on the Oder River and its estuary, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The centre of Police Town is situated about north of the centre of Szczecin. The name of the town comes from the Polish ''pole'', which means "field".〔Kazimierz Rymut, ''Nazwy miast Polski'' (Names of towns of Poland), Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1980, pg. 189〕 == History == The settlement was first mentioned in 1243. Pomeranian duke Barnim of Pomerania granted Magdeburg law to the town in 1260.〔Rudolf Benl, ''Die Gestaltung der Bodenrechtsverhältnisse in Pommern vom 12. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert'', Böhlau, 1986, p.240, ISBN 3-412-01586-5: "Die deutsche Stadt Pölitz war 1260 von Barnim I. gegründet..."〕〔Thomas Gallien, Reno Stutz, Geschichtswerkstatt Rostock, Landesheimatverband Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, ''Landeskundlich-historisches Lexikon Mecklenburg-Vorpommern'', Hinstorff, 2007, p.503〕 At the end of the 13th century, the town had become a fief of a local dynasty of knights, the Drake family.〔 In 1321, with the death of Otto Drake, the town became a dependency of nearby Stettin (now Szczecin),〔Peter Johanek et al.: ''Städtebuch Hinterpommern Ausg. 2-3'', Kohlhammer, 2003, p.268, ISBN 3-17-018152-1〕 hindering its growth until the mid-18th century. Nearby Jasienica Abbey, now within the Police city limits, was secularized during the Protestant Reformation, which was adapted in the Duchy of Pomerania in 1534. After its secularization, the abbey became a ducal domain, and was the site of the treaty that for the first time partitioned the duchy into a western and eastern part (Pomerania-Wolgast and Pomerania-Stettin) in 1569.〔Dietmar Willoweit, Hans Lemberg, ''Reiche und Territorien in Ostmitteleuropa: historische Beziehungen und politische Herrschaftslegitimation'', Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2006, p.96, ISBN 3-486-57839-1〕 From the Treaty of Stettin (1630) until the Treaty of Stockholm (1720), Pölitz was part of Swedish Pomerania, and of Prussian Pomerania thereafter. In 1808, Pölitz became independent from Stettin again. In 1815, Pölitz became part of the restructured Province of Pomerania, administered within Landkreis Randow county. In 1939, this county was dissolved and Pölitz was made part of Groß-Stettin.〔Johannes Hinz, ''Pommern Lexikon'', Kraft, 1994, p.236, ISBN 3-8083-1164-9〕 In 1937, the synthetic fuel plant ''Hydrierwerke Pölitz AG'' was founded by IG Farben, Rhenania-Ossag, and Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum Gesellschaft〔Rainer Karlsch, Raymond G. Stokes, ''Faktor Öl: die Mineralölwirtschaft in Deutschland 1859-1974'', C. H. Beck, 2003, pp.193ff, ISBN 3-406-50276-8〕 which by 1943 was producing 15% of Nazi Germany's synthetic fuels, 577,000 tons.〔Rainer Karlsch, Raymond G. Stokes, ''Faktor Öl: die Mineralölwirtschaft in Deutschland 1859-1974'', C.H.Beck, 2003, p.196, ISBN 3-406-50276-8〕 The plant derived its workforce from an adjacent system of camps (Pommernlager, Nordlager, Tobruklager, Wullenwever-Lager, Arbeitserziehungslager Hägerwelle, Dürrfeld Lager) plus a ship moored on the Oder River serving as a camp (Umschulungslager Bremerhaven). In addition, a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp was located in Pölitz. During World War II, the plant made Pölitz a bombing target of the Allied Oil Campaign leading to 70% of the town being destroyed.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Police, Poland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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