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Polyarchy
In Western European political science, the term polyarchy ((ギリシア語:''poly'') "many", ''arkhe'' "rule")〔(polyarchy - Definitions from Dictionary.com )〕 was used by Robert Dahl to describe a form of government in which power is invested in multiple people. It takes the form of neither a dictatorship nor a democracy.〔Robert Dahl, Polyarchy: participation and opposition, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1971〕 This form of government was first implemented in the United States and France and was gradually adopted by many other countries (Dahl, p. 234, 1989). According to Dahl, the fundamental democratic principle is “the continuing responsiveness of the government to the preferences of its citizens, considered as political equals” with unimpaired opportunities (Dahl, 1971). A polyarchy is a state that has certain procedures that are necessary conditions for following the democratic principle.〔("Dahl on Democracy and Equal Consideration" ), by Joshua Cohen〕〔("Citizen participation and democracy in the Netherlands" ), by Ank Michels (referenced 26 September 2006)〕
In semblance, the word polycracy describes the same form of government,〔http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/polycracy〕 although from a slightly different premise: a polycracy is a state ruled by more than one person, as opposed to a monocracy. The word is derived from Greek ''poly'' which means "many" and ''kratos'' which means "rule" or "strength."
== Definitions ==
Dahl's original theory of polyarchal democracy is in his 1956 book, ''A Preface to Democratic Theory''. His theory evolved over the decades, and the description in later writings is somewhat different.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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