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Polybius
Polybius (; , ''Polýbios''; – BC) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic Period noted for his work, which covered the period of 264–146 BC in detail. The work describes the rise of the Roman Republic to the status of dominance in the ancient Mediterranean world and included his eyewitness account of the Sack of Carthage in 146 BC. Polybius is also renowned for his ideas concerning the separation of powers in government, later used in Montesquieu's ''The Spirit of the Laws'' and in the drafting of the United States Constitution.
==Origins==
Polybius was born around 200 BC in Megalopolis, Arcadia, when it was an active member of the Achaean League. His father, Lycortas, was a prominent, land-owning politician and member of the governing class who became Cavalry Commander of the Achaean League. Consequently, Polybius was able to observe first hand the political and military affairs of Megalopolis. He developed an interest in horse riding and hunting, diversions that later commended him to his Roman captors. In 182 BC, he was given quite an honor when he was chosen to carry the funeral urn of Philopoemen, one of the most eminent Achaean politicians of his generation. In either 169 BC or 170 BC, Polybius was elected hipparchus (cavalry officer), an event which often presaged election to the annual ''strategia'' (chief generalship). His early political career was devoted largely towards maintaining the independence of Megalopolis.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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