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Polydipsia
Polydipsia is excessive thirst.〔Porth, C. M. (1990). ''Pathophysiology: Concepts of altered health states''. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company.〕 The word derives from the Greek ''πολυδιψία'',〔(Polydipsios, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', at Perseus )〕 which is derived from ''πολύς'' (''polys'', "much, many") + ''δίψα'' (''dipsa'', "thirst"). Polydipsia is a nonspecific symptom in various medical disorders. It also occurs as an abnormal behaviour in animals.〔Hamm, R.J., Porter, J.H. and Kaempf, G.L. (1981). Stimulus generalization of schedule-induced polydipsia. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behaviour, 36: 93–99〕
==Causes==
This symptom is characteristically found in diabetics, often as one of the initial symptoms, and in those who fail to take their anti-diabetic medications or whose condition is poorly controlled. It can also be caused by a change in the osmolality of the extracellular fluids of the body, hypokalemia, decreased blood volume (as occurs during major hemorrhage), and other conditions that create a water deficit.〔 This is usually a result of osmotic diuresis. Diabetes insipidus ("tasteless" diabetes, as opposed to diabetes mellitus) can also cause polydipsia.〔 Polydipsia is also a symptom of anticholinergic poisoning. Zinc is also known to reduce symptoms of polydipsia by causing the body to absorb fluids more efficiently (reduction of diarrhea, induces constipation) and it causes the body to retain more sodium; thus a zinc deficiency can be a possible cause. The combination of polydipsia and (nocturnal) polyuria is also seen in (primary) hyperaldosteronism (which often goes with hypokalemia).
Antipsychotics can have side effects such as dry mouth that may make the patient feel thirsty.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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