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Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus〔Pompey's full name was ''Gnaeus Pompeius Gnaeī fīlius Sextī nepōs Magnus'' "Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, son of Gnaeus, grandson of Sextus", in Classical Latin spelling .〕 (; 29 September 106 BC – 29 September 48 BC), usually known in English as Pompey or Pompey the Great,〔William Smith, ''A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology and Geography'', 1851. (Under the tenth entry of ''Pompeius'').〕 was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic. He came from a wealthy Italian provincial background, and his father had been the first to establish the family among the Roman nobility. Pompey's immense success as a general while still very young enabled him to advance directly to his first consulship without meeting the normal requirements for office. Military success in Sulla's Second Civil War earned from Sulla the nickname ''Magnus'', "the Great". He was consul three times and celebrated three triumphs. In mid-60 BC, Pompey joined Marcus Licinius Crassus and Gaius Julius Caesar in the unofficial military-political alliance known as the First Triumvirate, which Pompey's marriage to Caesar's daughter Julia helped secure. After the deaths of Julia and Crassus, Pompey sided with the ''optimates'', the conservative faction of the Roman Senate. Pompey and Caesar then contended for the leadership of the Roman state, leading to a civil war. When Pompey was defeated at the Battle of Pharsalus, he sought refuge in Egypt, where he was assassinated. His career and defeat are significant in Rome's subsequent transformation from Republic to Principate and Empire. ==Early life and political debut== Pompey's father, Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, was a wealthy landed Italian provincial from Picenum, one of the ''novi homines'' (new men). Pompeius Strabo ascended the traditional ''cursus honorum'', becoming ''quaestor'' in 104 BC, ''praetor'' in 92 BC and ''consul'' in 89 BC, and acquired a reputation for greed, political double-dealing and military ruthlessness. He supported Sulla's traditionalist ''optimates'' against the popularist general Marius in the first Marian-Sullan war.〔(Appian, Civil Wars, 1.9.80, (Loeb) at Thayer )〕 He died during the Marian siege against Rome in 87 BC, either as a casualty of pandemic plague, or struck by lightning, or possibly both.〔 In Plutarch's account, his body was dragged from its bier by the mob.〔Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 1. (Loeb) at Thayer: ():see also Velleius Paterculus,'' Roman History'' 2, 21. (Loeb) at Thayer: ()〕 His twenty-year-old son Pompey inherited his estates, his political leanings and the loyalty of his legions. Pompey had served two years under his father's command, and had participated in the final acts of the Marsic Social War against the Italians. He returned to Rome and was prosecuted for misappropriation of plunder: his betrothal to the judge's daughter, Antistia, secured a rapid acquittal.〔Plutarch, Life of Pompey, pg 126〕 For the next few years, the Marians had possession of Italy.〔Boak, History of Rome, pgs 145-6〕 When Sulla returned from campaigning against Mithridates in 83 BC, Pompey raised three Picenean legions to support him against the Marian regime of Gnaeus Papirius Carbo.〔Dio describes Pompey's troop levy as a "small band": Cassius Dio, 33, fragment 107 (Loeb) at Thayer:()〕 Sulla and his allies displaced the Marians in Italy and Rome: Sulla, now Dictator of Rome, was impressed by the young Pompey's self-confident performance. He addressed him as ''imperator'' and offered him his stepdaughter, Aemilia Scaura, in marriage. Aemilia – already married and pregnant – divorced her husband and Pompey divorced Antistia.〔Aemilia's first husband had offered Sulla unwelcome criticism.〕 Though Aemilia died in childbirth soon after, the marriage confirmed Pompey's loyalty and greatly boosted his career.〔Plutarch, Life of Pompey, pg. 136〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pompey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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