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Porthidium
:''Common names: hognosed pitvipers.〔Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.〕''
''Porthidium'' is a genus of venomous pitvipers found in Mexico and southward to northern South America.〔 The name is derived from the Greek word ''portheo'' and the suffix ''-idus'', which mean "destroy" and "having the nature of", apparently a reference to the venom.〔 Seven species are currently recognized. The snakes of the genus ''Hypnale'' in southern India and Sri Lanka look quite similar to those of this genus, possibly an example of convergent evolution.
==Description==
This is a group of small species, adults ranging in size from (''P. dunni'' and ''P. yucatanicum'') to in total length (''P. lansbergii'' and ''P. ophryomegas''). In addition, the body shape ranges from relatively slender (''P. ophryomegas'') to relatively stout (''P. nasutum''). All have a sharply defined ''canthus rostralis'' and a rostral scale that is higher than it is broad. The tip of the snout may be slightly to moderately elevated (''P. hespere'', ''P. lansbergii'', ''P. ophryomegas'' and ''P. volcanicum''), strongly elevated (''P. dunni'' and ''P. yucatanicum''), or not elevated at all.〔
All species have a color pattern that usually consists of a brown or gray ground color, overlaid with a series of dark paraventral blotches that are separated by a pale and narrow vertebral stripe. The blotches are square, rectangular, or triangular in shape. In some species, the color pattern is determined by the sex.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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