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Portuguese Americans (), also known as Luso-Americans () in English as well, are Americans whose ancestry originates in Portugal. Colloquially, the term is also incorrectly applied to people whose ancestry stems from Portuguese-speaking countries. Accurately, a Portuguese American denotes any person born in the United States whose family came to the United States from Portugal, or an immigrant from Portugal who becomes a citizen or permanent resident of the U.S.〔(Oxford Dictionaries )〕 Americans and others who are not native Europeans from Portugal but originate from countries that were former colonies of Portugal are not Portuguese-Americans, rather, they are simply referred to by their present-day nationalities, although many citizens of former Portuguese colonies are in fact also ethnically Portuguese. An estimated 191,000 Portuguese nationals are currently living in the United States.〔http://www.observatorioemigracao.secomunidades.pt/np4/2454.html〕 As with other European Americans, some Portuguese surnames have been changed to align with more American sounding names, for example Rodrigues to Rogers, Oliveira to Oliver, Martins to Martin, Silva to Silver, Carneiro to Carney and Pereira to Perry. ==History== Portuguese people have had a very long history in the United States, since 1634. The first documented Portuguese to live in colonial America was Mathias de Sousa, a Sephardic Jew. Some of the earliest European explorers to reach portions of the New World were said to be Portuguese. Navigators, like the Miguel Corte-Real family, may have visited the North American shores at the beginning of the 16th century.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Associação Dr. Manuel Luciano da Silva" Acervo Documental )〕 There is a monumental landmark, the Dighton Rock, in southeastern Massachusetts, that testifies their presence in the area. Portuguese explorer João Rodrigues Cabrilho explored the California coast for the first time. During the Colonial period, there was a small Portuguese emigration to the present day U.S., especially to the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Peter Francisco, the giant soldier in the US Continental Army, is generally thought to have been born Portuguese, from the Azores. In the late 19th century, many Portuguese, mainly Azorean and Madeiran, emigrated to the eastern U.S., establishing communities in various New England coastal cities, primarily but not limited to: Providence, Bristol and Pawtucket in Rhode Island, and New Bedford, Taunton and Fall River in Southeastern Massachusetts. On the West Coast in California there are Portuguese communities in San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose, Santa Cruz, the Central Valley, and San Diego, in connection to Portuguese fishermen and settlers emigrating to California from the Azores. There are also connections with Portuguese communities in the Pacific Northwest in Astoria, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington, and British Columbia, Canada as well. Many Portuguese relocated to the Kingdom of Hawaii, prior to its overthrow by the United States in the late 19th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Portuguese Americans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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