|
A possum (plural form: possums) is any of about 70 small- to medium-sized arboreal marsupial species native to Australia, New Guinea, and Sulawesi (and introduced to New Zealand and China). The name derives from their resemblance to the opossums of the Americas (the name is from Algonquian ''wapathemwa'', not Greek or Latin, so the plural is ''possums'', not ''possa'' or ''possi''). Possums are quadrupedal diprotodont marsupials with long tails. The smallest possum, indeed the smallest diprotodont marsupial, is the Tasmanian pygmy possum, with an adult head-body length of and a weight of . The largest are the two species of bear cuscus which may exceed . Possums are typically nocturnal and at least partially arboreal. The various species inhabit most vegetated habitats, and several species have adjusted well to urban settings. Diets range from generalist herbivores or omnivores (the common brushtail possum) to specialist browsers of eucalyptus (greater glider), insectivores (mountain pygmy possum) and nectar-feeders (honey possum). ==Classification== About two-thirds of Australian marsupials belong to the order Diprotodontia, which is split into three suborders: the Vombatiformes (wombats and the koala, four species in total); the large and diverse Phalangeriformes (the possums and gliders) and Macropodiformes (kangaroos, potoroos, wallabies and the musky rat-kangaroo). Note: this classification is based on Ruedas & Morales 2005. * Suborder Phalangeriformes: possums, gliders and allies * * Superfamily Phalangeroidea * * * Family Burramyidae: pygmy possums * * * * Genus ''Burramys'' * * * * * Mountain pygmy possum, ''B. parvus'' * * * * Genus ''Cercartetus'' * * * * * Long-tailed pygmy possum, ''C. caudatus'' * * * * * Southwestern pygmy possum, ''C. concinnus'' * * * * * Tasmanian pygmy possum, ''C. lepidus'' * * * * * Eastern pygmy possum, ''C. nanus'' * * * Family Phalangeridae: brushtail possums and cuscuses * * * * Subfamily Ailuropinae * * * * * Genus ''Ailurops'' * * * * * * Talaud bear cuscus, ''A. melanotis'' * * * * * * Sulawesi bear cuscus, ''A. ursinus'' * * * * * Genus ''Strigocuscus'' * * * * * * Sulawesi dwarf cuscus, ''S. celebensis'' * * * * * * Banggai cuscus, ''S. pelegensis'' * * * * Subfamily Phalangerinae * * * * * Tribe Phalangerini * * * * * * Genus ''Phalanger'' * * * * * * * Gebe cuscus, ''P. alexandrae'' * * * * * * * Mountain cuscus, ''P. carmelitae'' * * * * * * * Ground cuscus, ''P. gymnotis'' * * * * * * * Eastern common cuscus, ''P. intercastellanus'' * * * * * * * Woodlark cuscus, ''P. lullulae'' * * * * * * * Blue-eyed cuscus, ''P. matabiru'' * * * * * * * Telefomin cuscus, ''P. matanim'' * * * * * * * Southern common cuscus, ''P. mimicus'' * * * * * * * Northern common cuscus, ''P. orientalis'' * * * * * * * Ornate cuscus, ''P. ornatus'' * * * * * * * Rothschild's cuscus, ''P. rothschildi'' * * * * * * * Silky cuscus, ''P. sericeus'' * * * * * * * Stein's cuscus, ''P. vestitus'' * * * * * * Genus ''Spilocuscus'' * * * * * * * Admiralty Island cuscus, ''S. kraemeri'' * * * * * * * Common spotted cuscus, ''S. maculatus'' * * * * * * * Waigeou cuscus, ''S. papuensis'' * * * * * * * Black-spotted cuscus, ''S. rufoniger'' * * * * * * * Blue-eyed spotted cuscus, ''S. wilsoni'' * * * * * Tribe Trichosurini * * * * * * Genus ''Trichosurus'' * * * * * * * Northern brushtail possum, ''T. arnhemensis'' * * * * * * * Short-eared possum, ''T. caninus'' * * * * * * * Mountain brushtail possum, ''T. cunninghami'' * * * * * * * Coppery brushtail possum, ''T. johnstonii'' * * * * * * * Common brushtail possum, ''T. vulpecula'' * * * * * * Genus ''Wyulda'' * * * * * * * Scaly-tailed possum, ''W. squamicaudata'' * * Superfamily Petauroidea * * * Family Pseudocheiridae * * * * Subfamily Hemibelideinae * * * * * Genus ''Hemibelideus'' * * * * * * Lemur-like ringtail possum, ''H. lemuroides'' * * * * * Genus ''Petauroides'' * * * * * * Greater glider, ''P. volans'' * * * * Subfamily Pseudocheirinae * * * * * Genus ''Petropseudes'' * * * * * * Rock-haunting ringtail possum, ''P. dahli'' * * * * * Genus ''Pseudocheirus'' * * * * * * Common ringtail possum, ''P. peregrinus'' * * * * * Genus ''Pseudochirulus'' * * * * * * Lowland ringtail possum, ''P. canescens'' * * * * * * Weyland ringtail possum, ''P. caroli'' * * * * * * Cinereus ringtail possum, ''P. cinereus'' * * * * * * Painted ringtail possum, ''P. forbesi'' * * * * * * Herbert River ringtail possum, ''P. herbertensis'' * * * * * * Masked ringtail possum, ''P. larvatus'' * * * * * * Pygmy ringtail possum, ''P. mayeri'' * * * * * * Vogelkop ringtail possum, ''P. schlegeli'' * * * * Subfamily Pseudochiropinae * * * * * Genus ''Pseudochirops'' * * * * * * D'Albertis' ringtail possum, ''Pseudochirops albertisii'' * * * * * * Green ringtail possum, ''Pseudochirops archeri'' * * * * * * Plush-coated ringtail possum, ''Pseudochirops corinnae'' * * * * * * Reclusive ringtail possum, ''Pseudochirops coronatus'' * * * * * * Coppery ringtail possum, ''Pseudochirops cupreus'' * * * Family Petauridae * * * * Genus ''Dactylopsila'' * * * * * Great-tailed triok, ''D. megalura'' * * * * * Long-fingered triok, ''D. palpator'' * * * * * Tate's triok, ''D. tatei'' * * * * * Striped possum, ''D. trivirgata'' * * * * Genus ''Gymnobelideus'' * * * * * Leadbeater's possum, ''G. leadbeateri'' * * * * Genus ''Petaurus'' * * * * * Northern glider, ''P. abidi'' * * * * * Yellow-bellied glider, ''P. australis'' * * * * * Biak glider, ''P. biacensis'' * * * * * Sugar glider, ''P. breviceps'' * * * * * Mahogany glider, ''P. gracilis'' * * * * * Squirrel glider, ''P. norfolcensis'' * * * Family Tarsipedidae * * * * Genus ''Tarsipes'' * * * * * Honey possum or ''noolbenger'', ''T. rostratus'' * * * Family Acrobatidae * * * * Genus ''Acrobates'' * * * * * Feathertail glider, ''A. pygmaeus'' * * * * Genus ''Distoechurus'' * * * * * Feather-tailed possum, ''D. pennatus'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Possum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|