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(詳細はIAST '; Sanskrit: (unicode:प्रत्यभिज्ञा)), a branch of Kashmir Shaivism, is an idealistic monistic and theistic philosophy originating in the 9th century A.D. The name of the system is derived from its most famous work, ''Isvara Pratyabhijna Karika'' by Utpaladeva.〔The Philosophy of Saivism 1 – S. Kapoor, p. 254〕 Etymologically, ''Pratyabhijna'' is formed from ''prati'' – "something once known, now appearing as forgotten", ''abhi'' – "immediate" and ''jna'' – "to know". So, the meaning is direct knowledge of one's self, recognition.〔Pratyabhijnahrdayam – J. Singh, p. 117〕 The central thesis of this philosophy is that ''everything is Shiva'', absolute consciousness, and it is possible to ''re-cognize'' this fundamental reality and be freed from limitations, identified with Shiva and immersed in bliss.〔The Yoga of Kashmir Shaivism – S.Shankarananda, p. 45〕 Thus, the slave (''pasu'' - the human condition) becomes the master (''pati'' - the divine condition).〔The Philosophy of Saivism 1 - S. Kapoor, p. 254〕 ==Masters and texts== The ''Pratyabhijna'' system had a period of intense development between the 9th and the 11th centuries,〔The Philosophy of Saivism 2 - S. Kapoor, p. 409〕 with a lineage of masters and disciples who wrote treatises and mystical poetry. The founder of the ''Pratyabhijna'' school was Somananda (875–925 A.D.).〔The Krama Tantricism of Kashmir – N. Rastogi, p. 3〕 His work, ''Śivadṛṣṭi'' is the basis of the system.〔Pratyabhijnahrdayam – J. Singh, p. 3〕 He was followed by his son and disciple, Utpaladeva (900–950 A.D.),〔The Trika Saivism of Kashmir – M.L. Pandit, p. 27〕 who wrote the most important treatise of the system, ''Īśvara pratyabhijñā kārikā''.〔Pratyabhijnahrdayam – J. Singh, p. 3〕〔The Philosophy of Saivism 1 - S. Kapoor, p. 254〕 Expanding on the ideas of his master, the ''Isvara Pratyabhijna Karika'' is a philosophical treaty discussing the fundamental doctrine of the school and comparing it with various rival schools, analyzing the differences and refuting them, in the style of Buddhist logic. The name of the school is derived from the title of this work, and even more, in the rest of India, sometimes, the whole ''Kashmiri Shaivite'' religion was referred to by the name of ''Pratyabhijñā Shastra''. Another important master of this school is Abhinavagupta, who realized a synthesis between various schools of ''Kashmir Shaivism'' in his magnum opus, Tantraloka.〔Pratyabhijnahrdayam – J. Singh, p. 3〕 ''Abhinavagupta'' also wrote two commentaries on ''Īśvara pratyabhijñā kārikā''.〔Siva Sutras – Jaideva Singh, p.〕〔The Trika Saivism of Kashmir – M.L. Pandit, p. 27〕 The disciple of ''Abhinavagupta'', ''Ksemaraja'' wrote a digest of the ''Pratyabhijna'' philosophy called ''Pratyabhijñā hṛdayaṃ'' 〔Pratyabhijnahrdayam – J. Singh, p. 3〕〔The Philosophy of Saivism 2 – S. Kapoor, p. 305〕 – "the spontaneous recognition of the essence of the heart", which is the most popular introduction to the system. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pratyabhijna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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