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Pratyahara
Pratyahara (Devanāgarī प्रत्याहार, Tibetan སོ་སོར་སྡུད་པ་, Wylie ''so sor sdud pa'') or the 'withdrawal of the senses' is the fifth element among the Eight stages of Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga,〔(Pratyahara ) ''Britannica.com''.〕 as mentioned in his classical work, ''Yoga Sutras of Patanjali'' composed in the 2nd century BCE.〔(''Yoga Sutras'' 2.54-2.55: - Pratyahara or Sense Withdrawal ) ''Yoga Sutras'', 2.54-2.55.〕 It is also the first stage of the six-branch yoga (''ṣaḍaṅgayoga'') of the Buddhist Kālacakra tantra, where it refers to the withdrawal of the five senses from external objects to be replaced by the mentally created senses of an enlightened deity. This phase is roughly analogous to the physical isolation (''kāyaviveka'', Tib. ''lus bden'') phase of Guhyasamāja tantra.
For Patanjali, it is a bridge between the ''bahiranga'' (external) aspects of yoga namely, yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, and the ''antaranga'' (internal) yoga. Having actualized the ''pratyahara'' stage, a practitioner is able to effectively engage into the practice of Samyama. At the stage of ''pratyahara'', the consciousness of the individual is internalized in order that the sensations from the senses of taste, touch, sight, hearing and smell don't reach their respective centers in the brain and takes the ''sadhaka'' (practitioner) to next stages of Yoga, namely Dharana (concentration) and Dhyana (meditation), and Samadhi (mystical absorption), being the aim of all Yogic practices.〔(Moving Inward: The Journey from Asana to Pratyahara ) ''Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy''.〕
==Etymology==
Pratyahara is derived from two Sanskrit words: ''prati'' and ''ahara'', with ahara meaning food, or anything taken into ourselves, and prati, a preposition meaning away or against. Together they mean "weaning away from ahara", or simply ingestion.〔(Pratyahara:The Forgotten Limb of Yoga ) ''David Frawley''.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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