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Pravic
Pravic is a fictional language used and referred to in the science-fiction book ''The Dispossessed'', by Ursula K. Le Guin.〔http://books.google.ie/books?id=9goKmJQaMzEC&pg=PA286&lpg=PA286&dq=pravic+dispossessed&source=bl&ots=2fTC9ygpvT&sig=QUB__CkqikbHZDBQLoIxCXBQIT4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ns4cU57COcPy7AbPwIC4Bw&ved=0CEcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=pravic%20dispossessed&f=false〕 Pravic is a fictional constructed language: in the book, it is said to have been constructed by a person named Farigv. Pravic is spoken on the planet Anarres, where followers of the philosopher Laia Asieo Odo chose to be exiled in order to achieve the goal of a functioning anarcho-communist society. Anarres is actually the semi-desert moon of Odo's homeworld Urras. As far as we know, the only language spoken widely in Anarres is Pravic, though the few people that have contact with Urras (mostly trade officials and scientists) also speak Iotic, the language of Urras's dominant state A-Io.
== Characteristics ==
The anarcho-communist philosophical premise produces some interesting linguistic phenomena, mentioned in passing by the author. For example, since private property does not exist, the possessives ("my", "your", etc.) are usually avoided and replaced by the more general definite article ("the").
Equality of the sexes follows automatically from Odo's principles, and thus there is no word in Pravic for what a man does to a woman (or vice versa) during mutually consented sex: there is just an intransitive verb ("copulate") that must have a plural subject. For sex understood as imposition or as a gain of dominion, the only alternative is the use of a transitive verb meaning "rape". Shevek, the main character in the book, ponders about the institutions of "marriage" and "prostitution", which appear in quotes in the text because he is thinking in Iotic, not in Pravic.
Pravic apparently has no word for "forest", probably because Anarres has no real forests, being mostly dry, with small sparse trees and bushes, if anything. It also has no words for many common animals found in Urras, such as horses; for institutions like prisons; for gambling (since there is no money or property to be gambled); for religious terms like "hell"; or, apparently, for verbs like ''buy'', that again relate to property rights absent for them.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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