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Periodization of the Indus Valley Civilization
The Indus Valley Tradition is a term used to refer to the cultures of the Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra rivers, stretching from the Neolithic Mehrgarh period down to the Iron Age or Indo-Gangetic Tradition. According to a 2014 report by the Archaeological Survey of India, Bhirrana is the oldest Indus Valley Civilization site.
The Indus Valley Tradition is divided into four eras, and each era can be divided into various phases. A phase is an archaeological unit possessing traits sufficiently characteristic to distinguish it from all other units similarly conceived.〔Willey and Phillips 1958, Method and Theory in American Archaeology〕 Each phase can be subdivided into interaction systems.
== Early Food Producing Era ==
The Early Food Producing Era corresponds to ca. 7000-5500 BCE. It is also called the Neolithic period. The economy of this era was based on food production, and agriculture developed in the Indus Valley. Mehrgarh Period I belongs to this era.
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