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Precipitationshed
A precipitationshed is the upwind ocean and land surface that contributes evaporation to a given, downwind location's precipitation. The concept has been described as an “atmospheric watershed”.〔P. W. Keys et al., ''Analyzing precipitationsheds to understand the vulnerability of rainfall dependent regions,'' Biogeosciences, 9, 733–746, 2012 (PDF )〕 The concept itself rests on a broad foundation of scholarly work examining the evaporative sources of rainfall.〔R. Koster et al., "Global sources of local precipitation as determined by the Nasa/Giss GCM,'' Geophysical Research Letters Volume 13, Issue 2, pages 121–124, February 1986 ()〕〔E.A.B. Eltahir and R.L. Bras, "Precipitation recycling in the Amazon basin,'' Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Volume 120, Issue 518, pages 861–880, July 1994 Part A ()〕〔P.A. Dirmeyer and K.L. Brubaker, "Contrasting evaporative moisture sources during the drought of 1988 and the flood of 1993,'' Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984–2012) Volume 104, Issue D16, pages 19383–19397, 27 August 1999 ()〕 Since its formal definition, the precipitationshed has become an element in water security studies,〔H. Wheater and P. Gober, ''Water security in the Canadian Prairies: science and management challenges,'' Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 13 November 2013 vol. 371 no. 2002 20120409 ()〕 examinations of sustainability,〔(J.Rockström et al., ''Water Resilience for Human Prosperity,'' 2014 )〕 and mentioned as a potentially useful tool for examining vulnerability of rainfall dependent ecosystems.〔R.Mahmood et al., ''Land cover changes and their biogeophysical effects on climate,'' Issue International Journal of Climatology
International Journal of Climatology Volume 34, Issue 4, pages 929–953, March 2014 ()〕
== Concept ==
In an effort to conceptualize the recycling of evaporation from a specific location to the spatially explicit region that receives this moisture, the concept of the evaporationshed was introduced. This concept has been highlighted as particularly useful for providing a spatially explicit region for examining the impacts of significant land-use change, such as deforestation, irrigation, or agricultural intensification 〔P. W. Keys et al., ''Variability of moisture recycling using a precipitationshed framework,'' Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,18, 3937–3950, 2014 (PDF )〕〔R.J. van der Ent et al., ''Oceanic sources of continental precipitation and the correlation with sea surface temperature,'' Water Resources Research, 49, 7, 3993-4004 2013 ()〕
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