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During the first administrative division of independent Greece in 1833–1836 and again from 1845 until their abolition with the Kallikratis reform in 2010, the prefectures ((ギリシア語:νομοί, translit. ''nomoi''; sing.: νομός, translit. ''nomós'')) were the country's main administrative unit. They are now defunct, and have been approximately replaced by regional units. They are called departments in ISO 3166-2:GR and by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names.〔United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names: ''Administrative Division of Greece'' (Working Paper N° 95), New York 2000, ((PDF ), 1,3 MB)]〕 The prefectures were the second-degree organization of local government, grouped into 13 regions or (before 1987) 10 geographical departments, and in turn divided into provinces and comprising a number of communities and municipalities. The prefectures became self-governing entities in 1994, when the first prefectural-level elections took place. The prefects were previously appointed by the government. By 2010, their number had risen to 51, of which one, the Attica Prefecture, where more than a third of the country's population resided, was further subdivided into four prefecture-level administrations (νομαρχίες, sing. νομαρχία). In addition, there were three super-prefectures (υπερνομαρχίες, sing. υπερνομαρχία) controlling two or more prefectures. With the Kallikratis reform, which entered into force on 1 January 2011, the prefectures were abolished. Many, especially in the mainland, were retained in the form of ''regional units'' (περιφερειακές ενότητες) within the empowered regions, which largely took over the prefectures' administrative role. == Organization == The current "Prefectural Self-Governments" were formed in 1994〔Law 2218/1994〕 and replaced the previous prefectures, whose councils and prefects were appointed by the government. Prefectures are governed by a Prefectural Council (νομαρχιακό συμβούλιο) made up of 21 to 37 members,〔Articles 13 and 14 of the "Code of Prefectural Self-Government" (Presidential Decree 30/1996)〕 led by the Prefect (νομάρχης) and presided by a Council President (πρόεδρος). Other organs of the prefectures are: * The Prefectural Committee, consisted of the Prefect or an assistant appointed by him and 4 to 6 members, elected by the Prefectural Council.〔Article 15 of the Code of Prefectural Self-Government〕 * The Provincial Council and * The Eparchos (Sub-prefect, έπαρχος). Super-prefectures have their own organs (Council, Committee and Super-prefect). Prefectural councillors are elected via public election every four years. Three-fifths of all seats go to the combination winning a majority and two-fifths of the seats go to remaining parties based on a proportional system. Prefect becomes the president of the victorious electoral combination. Electoral is a combination which attains more than 42% in the first round of the prefectural elections. If no combination passes this threshold, a second round takes place between the two combinations that took the most votes in the first round〔According to the legislative reform of 2006 (Law 3463/2006). See also the circular 12 of the Ministry of Interior Affairs about the upcoming local elections.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prefectures of Greece」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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