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Prenocephale
''Prenocephale'' was a small pachycephalosaurid dinosaur genus from the Late Cretaceous (from the Campanian through to the Maastrichtian) and was similar in many ways to its close relative, ''Homalocephale'', which may simply represent ''Prenocephale'' juveniles. Adult ''Prenocephale'' probably weighed around and measured around long. Unlike the flattened wedge-shaped skull of ''Homalocephale'' (a possible juvenile trait also potentially seen in early growth stages of ''Pachycephalosaurus''), the head of ''Prenocephale'' was rounded and sloping. The dome had a row of small bony spikes and bumps. It lived in what is now Mongolia, but in high upland forests, not the dry deserts of Mongolia today.
==Description==
Like some other pachycephalosaurs, ''Prenocephale'' is known only from skulls and a few other small bones.〔(A new (2007) ''Prenocephale'' skeleton has been discovered ) in Mongolia, and measures 5.25ft (160cm) in length. This specimen preserves both fore and hindlimb elements, a complete spinal vertebra, tail and ribs. It is a one of a kind specimen that has yet to be described but has been attributed to ''Prenocephale'' sp.〕 For this reason, reconstructions usually depict ''Prenocephale'' as sharing the basic body plan common to all of the other Pachycephalosauria: a stout body with a short, thick neck, short forelimbs and tall hind legs.
The head of ''Prenocephale'' was comparable to that of ''Stegoceras'', albeit with closed supratemporal fenestrae. Also, the paired grooves above the supraorbitals/prefrontals (along with a posterior parietal that restricts the frontal dome) are absent in ''Prenocephale''. This differentiates the species from ''Stegoceras'', as such features are common in the latter. It has been suggested that ''Prenocephales supposed relatives, ''Sphaerotholus'' and ''Homalocephale'', are all synoynms of ''Prenocephale''. If this is the case, ''Prenocephale'' would have also lived in North America as well as in Mongolia.〔Longrich, N.R., Sankey, J. and Tanke, D. (2010). "''Texacephale langstoni'', a new genus of pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the upper Campanian Aguja Formation, southern Texas, USA." ''Cretaceous Research'', . 〕〔(Re: Sphaerotholus )〕
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