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Presnensky District ((ロシア語:Пре́сненский райо́н)), commonly called Presnya (), is a district of Central Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population: The district is home to the Moscow Zoo, White House of Russia, Kudrinskaya Square Building, Patriarshy Ponds, Vagankovo Cemetery, and Moscow-City financial district (under construction). It is unusually large and diverse among the Central Okrug Districts, combining affluent residential, administrative and old industrial neighborhoods. ==History== ''This section is based on P.V.Sytin's "History of Moscow Streets" (1948)'' The name of Presnya (noun; adjective: Presnensky) district is inherited from the Presnya River, now flowing largely in an underground pipe and entering the Moskva River immediately west of the White House of Russia. Ponds that were set up on Presnya River and its tributaries in the seventeenth century survive as Patriarshy Pond (one of three ponds formerly on the ''Bubna'' stream in the Goat Marsh area) and the Moscow Zoo ponds (on the Presnya River proper). Another small north-south brook flows in piping two kilometers west from Presnya river. Today, it fills four ponds separating the old Presnya district from the Expocenter and Moskva-City developments. This river, named in municipal reports as Studenetz (after a spring on its route) or Vaganskoi (after a cemetery) River〔Река Ваганьковский Студенец, in State Document "О состоянии окружающей природной среды города Москвы в 2002 году", 2002〕 flows just under 4 km.〔For more on Studenetz cold spring, which discharges in one of these ponds and gives its name to Studenetz villa and park, and perhaps to the river, see: (Russian) "Памятники архитектуры Москвы. Окрестности старой Москвы", М., 2004 ISBN 5-98051-011-7 (Moscow architectural monuments. Suburbs of old Moscow, 2004)〕 Present-day Krasnaya Presnya street is a part of a historical road connecting Moscow with Novgorod via Volokolamsk since the twelfth century. In the 17th century, lands south of the road were managed by Patriarch Joachim's court, lands north from it belonged to Voskresenskoye settlement, laid down by Tsar Feodor III. This royal village housed a private zoo, a distant predecessor of current Moscow Zoo. Peter I, Feodor's brother a co-ruler, was a frequent guest here. In 1729, Voskresenskoe became property of Vakhtang VI of Kartli, a deposed Georgian king in exile. The memories of Vakhtang and his court remain in the names of Gruzinskaya (Georgian) streets; however, the Georgian community there dispersed within nineteenth century. At the same time, there was and still is a sizable Armenian community; Armenian cemetery remains in Presnensky district (adjacent to Vagankovo Russian Orthodox cemetery). By 1787, there were four ponds on the Presnya, with a wooden bridge, two dams and a water mill; in 1805, a stone bridge was built. The Studenetz area was a popular picnic destination; the same time, 1798, the famous Trekhgornaya textile factory was built. Entertainment relocated east, closer to Presnya River, and the Kremlin Administrator, Valuev, made a short-lived miracle of converting the dirty banks of the Presnya into an upper-class promenade. Entertainment continued with the private Studenetz Park and the public Moscow Zoo (1864). But the district itself became an industrial, densely populated working-class area. In the December 1905 the whole district was taken over by revolutionary militias; government troops had to bring in artillery to subdue the revolt. In the November 1917, Presnya workers took over the neighborhood again. Martemyan Ryutin was secretary of the local Communist Party in 1932, when the Ryutin Affair occurred; this was one of the last attempts to block Joseph Stalin's rise to power from within the party. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Presnensky District」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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