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Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
The Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany (Frederick Augustus; 16 August 1763 – 5 January 1827), was the second eldest child and second son of King George III of the United Kingdom and a member of the House of Hanover. From the death of his father in 1820 until his own death in 1827, he was the heir presumptive to his elder brother, King George IV, both to the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Hanover.
Frederick was thrust into the British army at a very early age, appointed to high command at the age of 30, and commanded in a notoriously ineffectual campaign during the War of the First Coalition, which followed the French Revolution. Later, as Commander-in-Chief during the Napoleonic Wars, he reorganised the British army, putting in place vital administrative and structural reforms.
==Early life==
Prince Frederick Augustus, or the Duke of York as he became in later life, belonged to the House of Hanover.〔Heathcote, p. 127.〕 He was born on 16 August 1763, at St. James's Palace, London.〔 His father was the reigning British monarch, King George III.〔 His mother was Queen Charlotte (née Princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Family Tree for Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz )〕 He was christened on 14 September 1763 at St James's, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Secker — his godparents were his great-uncle the Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (for whom the Earl Gower, Lord Chamberlain, stood proxy), his uncle the Duke of York (for whom the Earl of Huntingdon, Groom of the Stole, stood proxy) and his great-aunt the Princess Amelia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Yvonne's Royalty Home Page: Royal Christenings )〕
On 27 February 1764, when Prince Frederick was six months old, his father secured his election as Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück in today's Lower Saxony.〔 He received this title because his father, as Elector of Hanover, was entitled to select every other holder of this title (in alternation with a Catholic prelate).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany )〕 He was invested as Knight of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath on 30 December 1767〔Cokayne, p.921〕 and as a Knight of the Order of the Garter on 19 June 1771.〔Weir, p. 286.〕
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