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Colorectal surgery is a field in medicine, dealing with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon. The field is also known as proctology, but the latter term is now used infrequently within medicine, and is most often employed to identify practices relating to the anus and rectum in particular. The word ''proctology'' is derived from the Greek words πρωκτός ''proktos'', meaning "anus" or "hindparts", and -λογία ''-logia'', meaning "science" or "study". Physicians specializing in this field of medicine are called colorectal surgeons or proctologists. In the United States, to become colorectal surgeons, these surgical doctors have to complete a general surgery residency, as well as a colorectal surgery fellowship, upon which they are eligible to be certified in their field of expertise by the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery or the American Osteopathic Board of Proctology. In other countries, certification to practice proctology is given to surgeons at the end of a 2-3 year subspecialty residency by the country's board of surgery. ==Scope of the specialty== Colorectal surgical disorders include: * varicosities or swelling, and inflammation of veins in the rectum and anus (Hemorrhoids) * unnatural cracks or tears in the anus (Anal fissures) * abnormal connections or passageways between the rectum or other anorectal area to the skin surface (Fistulas) * severe constipation conditions * fecal incontinence * protrusion of the walls of the rectum through the anus (Rectal prolapse) * birth defects such as the imperforate anus * treatment of severe colic disorders, such as Crohn's disease * cancer of the colon and rectum (Colorectal cancer) * repositioning of the rectal area if fallen out. * anal cancer (rare) * any injuries to the anus * removal of objects deliberately inserted into anus 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Colorectal surgery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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