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A promotora is a lay Hispanic/Latino community member who receives specialized training to provide basic health education in the community without being a professional health care worker. While most of their work entails educating target audiences about health issues affecting their community they also provide guidance in accessing community resources associated with health care. Often promotoras are residents and identified leaders in their community who work for community-based health promotion projects or as part of a research group. Thus, promotoras serve as liaisons between their community, health professionals, human and social service organizations. As liaisons, they often play the roles of an advocate, educator, mentor, outreach worker, role model, and interpreter.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/chpr/chw/pubs/HSCChapter48010803.pdf )〕 Depending on the organizations with which they work, promotoras may volunteer their time, draw a salary or receive a stipend. Promotoras have been predominantly volunteers if they assist only through delivery of educational material. However, since 2004 there has been a significant increase in the number of promotoras who are hired as staff and not only receive reimbursements for costs associated with their job (e.g., mileage reimbursement). Traditionally, promotoras have been Latino women. However, more men are entering the field and the gender-neutral term “promotores” is increasingly being used to be more inclusive. == History == The role of community health workers can be traced back to the 1940s in the People’s Republic of China, where Chairman Mao Zedong introduced barefoot doctors to provide medical treatment and education to rural villages within the country. The use of promotoras began in 1973 in Cuidad Juarez, Mexico, where Salud Y Desarrollo Comunitario de Cd. Juarez, A.C. (Health and Community Development of Juarez City), ran by the Federación Mexicana de Asociaciones Privadas (Mexican Federation of Private Associations ()), developed the first promotora model to help provide medical care and education to marginalized communities in Juarez. From there, the promotora model spread across Mexico to other Latin American countries and eventually to the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.femap.org.mx/conocenos/02_36años_historia/c2.html )〕 While the promotora model was in use in Latin American countries since 1960, it did not gain attention in the United States until the mid-1960s to the 1970s. It was during those two decades that the United States federal government initiated a support campaign for the outreach to rural, marginalized, and hard-to-reach communities with the intention of improving access to care. Such model regained attention in the 1990s thanks to efforts from Centers for Disease Control and Health Resources and Services Administration. The essence of using promotoras as means of health education dissemination to prevent disease has been used in countries like Africa for much longer than in the Americas. Third world countries with high mortality rates of preventable and infectious diseases adopted this model to outreach communities that had no access to decent health care. However, by definition, community health workers model used in other countries is somewhat different than the one of a promotora in the United States. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Promotora」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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