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In biology, a propagule is any material that is used for the purpose of propagating an organism to the next stage in their life cycle, such as by dispersal. The propagule is usually distinct in form from the parent organism. Propagules are produced by plants (in the form of seeds or spores), fungi (in the form of spores), and bacteria.〔T.Y. Chuang and W.H. Ko. 1981. Propagule size: Its relation to population density of microorganisms in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 13(3).〕 In disease biology, pathogens are said to generate infectious propagules, the units that transmit a disease. These can refer to bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists, and can be contained within host material.〔David H. Ellis and Tania J. Pfeiffer. 1990. Ecology, life cycle, and infectious propagule of Cryptococcus neoformans. The Lancet. 336(8720).〕〔Akira Sasaki and Yoh Iwasa. 1991. Optimal Growth Schedule of Pathogens within a Host: Switching between Lytic and Latent Cycles. Theoretical Population Biology. 39.〕〔Fernando E. Vega, Harry K. Kay. 2012. Insect Pathology. Academic Press. 〕 For instance, for influenza, the infectious propagules are carried in droplets of host saliva or mucus that are expelled during coughing or sneezing. In horticulture, a propagule is any plant material used for the purpose of plant propagation. In asexual reproduction, a propagule may be a woody, semi-hardwood, or softwood cutting, leaf section, or any number of other plant parts. In sexual reproduction, a propagule is a seed or spore. In micropropagation, a type of asexual reproduction, any part of the plant may be used, though it is usually a highly meristematic part such as root and stem ends or buds.〔Hartmann and Kester's Plant Propagation, Seventh Edition. 〕 ==See also== *Disseminule *Gemma (botany) *Plantlet *Seed dispersal *Propagule pressure 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Propagule」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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