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Propaedeutics or propedeutics is a historical term for an introductory course into a discipline: art, science, etc. Etymology: pro- + Greek: ''paideutikós'', "pertaining to teaching". Propaedeutics may be defined as knowledge necessary for learning, but not for proficiency .〔''Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems'', Martha Campbell Polson, J. Jeffrey Richardson, Elliot Soloway (p. 82 )〕 In medicine, the terms "propedeutics"/"propedeutic" specifically refers to preliminary collection of data about patient by observation, palpation, temperature measurement, etc., without specialized diagnostic procedures. The 1851 ''Encyclopaedia Americana'' writes that it is:〔''Encyclopaedia Americana'' (1851)(p. 373 )〕
== Netherlands == In the Netherlands, ''propedeuse'' is a propaedeutic diploma issued after the first year of studies, often referred to as "''P''" by students. Universities and ''university of applied sciences' are not forced by law to make use of this propaedeutic diploma,〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Wet hoger onderwijs en wetenschappelijk onderzoek )〕 but it is quite common. The diploma is not a recognized degree and thus grants no rights outside the Dutch educational system. It has remained in use after the introduction of the Bologna process and the international bachelor-master system in the Netherlands.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap )〕 When in use at an educational institution, the propaedeutic diploma is a mandatory diploma which a student acquires by successfully completing all subjects (60 credits) and study requirements of the first year.〔 This first year is therefore also known as the ''propedeuse'' or the ''propedeutische fase'' (literally, "propaedeutical phase").〔 Some study programs require the student to score sufficient on an additional examination. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Propaedeutics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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