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Propionibacterium
''Propionibacterium'' is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism: They are able to synthesize propionic acid by using unusual transcarboxylase enzymes.〔Cheung, Y.F., Fung, C., and Walsh, C. "Stereochemistry of propionyl-coenzyme A and pyruvate carboxylations catalyzed by transcarboxylase." 1975. ''Biochemistry'' 14(13), pg 2981.〕
Its members are primarily facultative parasites and commensals of humans and other animals, living in and around the sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and other areas of the skin. They are virtually ubiquitous and do not cause problems for most people, but propionibacteria have been implicated in acne and other skin conditions.〔Bojar, R., and Holland, K. "Acne and propionibacterium acnes." 2004. ''Clinics in Dermatology'' 22(5), pg. 375-379.〕 One study found the ''Propionibacterium'' was the most prevalent human skin-associated genus of microorganisms.
Members of the genus ''Propionibacterium'' are widely used in the production of vitamin B12, tetrapyrrole compounds, and propionic acid, as well as in the probiotics and cheese industries.〔Kiatpapan P., Murooka Y. Genetic manipulation system in propionibacteria. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 93 (1) (pp 1-8), 2002〕
The strain ''Propionibacterium freudenreichii'' subsp. ''shermanii'' is used in cheesemaking to create CO2 bubbles that become "eyes"—round holes in the cheese.〔(Making Swiss Cheese - David B. Fankhauser, Ph.D. )〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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