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Protein Structure Initiative
The Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) is an ongoing effort begun in 2000 to accelerate discovery in structural genomics and contribute to understanding biological function.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 author=PSI Assessment Panel )〕 Funded by the U.S. National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), its aim is to reduce the cost and time required to determine three-dimensional protein structures and to develop techniques for solving challenging problems in structural biology, including membrane proteins. Over a dozen research centers have been supported by the PSI for work in building and maintaining high-throughput structural genomics pipelines, developing computational protein structure prediction methods, organizing and disseminating information generated by the PSI, and applying high-throughput structure determination to study a broad range of important biological and biomedical problems.
The project has been organized into three separate phases. The first phase of the Protein Structure Initiative (PSI-1) spanned from 2000 to 2005, and was dedicated to demonstrating the feasibility of high-throughput structure determination, solving unique protein structures, and preparing for a subsequent production phase.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Protein Structure Initiative )〕 The second phase, PSI-2, focused on implementing the high-throughput structure determination methods developed in PSI-1, as well as homology modeling and addressing bottlenecks like modeling membrane proteins.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Protein Structure Initiative )〕 The third phase, PSI:Biology, began in 2010 and consists of networks of investigators applying high-throughput structure determination to study a broad range of biological and biomedical problems.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Protein Structure Initiative )〕
==Phase 1==
The first phase of the Protein Structure Initiative (PSI-1) lasted from June 2000 until September 2005, and had a budget of $270 million funded primarily by NIGMS with support from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.〔 PSI-1 saw the establishment of nine pilot centers focusing on structural genomics studies of a range of organisms, including ''Arabidopsis thaliana'', ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' and ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''.〔 During this five-year period over 1,100 protein structures were determined, over 700 of which were classified as "unique" due to their < 30% sequence similarity with other known protein structures.〔
The primary goal of PSI-1, to develop methods to streamline the structure determination process, resulted in an array of technical advances. Several methods developed during PSI-1 enhanced expression of recombinant proteins in systems like ''Escherichia coli'', ''Pichia pastoris'' and insect cell lines. New streamlined approaches to cell cloning, expression and protein purification were also introduced, in which robotics and software platforms were integrated into the protein production pipeline to minimize required manpower, increase speed, and lower costs.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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