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A protest (also called a remonstrance, remonstration or demonstration) is an expression of bearing witness on behalf of an express cause by words or actions with regard to particular events, policies or situations. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass demonstrations. Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to take abhishek the particular to influence public opinion or government policy, or they may undertake direct action in an attempt to directly enact desired changes themselves.〔St. John Barned-Smith, "How We Rage: This Is Not Your Parents' Protest," ''Current'' (Winter 2007): 17-25.〕 Where protests are part of a systematic and peaceful campaign to achieve a particular objective, and involve the use of pressure as well as persuasion, they go beyond mere protest and may be better described as cases of civil resistance or nonviolent resistance.〔Adam Roberts, Introduction, in Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash (eds.), (''Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present'' ), Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 2-3, where a more comprehensive definition of "civil resistance" may be found.〕 Various forms of self-expression and protest are sometimes restricted by governmental policy (such as the requirement of protest permits), economic circumstances, religious orthodoxy, social structures, or media monopoly. One state reaction to protests is the use of riot police. Observers have noted an increased militarization of protest policing, with police deploying armored vehicles and snipers against the protesters. When such restrictions occur, protests may assume the form of open civil disobedience, more subtle forms of resistance against the restrictions, or may spill over into other areas such as culture and emigration. A protest can itself sometimes be the subject of a counter-protest. In such a case, counter-protesters demonstrate their support for the person, policy, action, etc. that is the subject of the original protest. In some cases, these protesters can violently clash. ==Historical notions== Unaddressed protests may grow and widen into civil resistance, dissent, activism, riots, insurgency, revolts, and political and/or social revolution. Some examples of protests include: * Northern Europe in the early 16th century (Protestant Reformation) * North America in the 1770s (American Revolution) * France in 1789 (French Revolution) * The Haymarket riot, 1886, a violent labor protest led by the Anarchist Movement * New York shirtwaist strike of 1909 * Martin Luther King's 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, a key moment in the Civil Rights Movement * SOS (Save Our Sons) an Australian anti-conscription organization * Protests against the Vietnam War * The Stonewall riots in 1969 protesting the treatment of homosexuals in New York City * The People Power Revolution in the Philippines * The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 * The many ACT-UP AIDS protests of the late 1980s and early 1990s * The Seattle WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 protest activity against the World Trade Organization * Anti-globalization Protests in Prague in 2000 * Anti-globalization Protests in Genoa from July 18 to July 22, 2001 * Feb. 15, 2003 Iraq War Protest * Tea Party protests * Palestinian First Intifada Second Intifada * Anti-nuclear protests * 2010 Thai political protests * 2011 Iranian protests * Arab Spring protests * Impact of the Arab Spring * 2011 Occupy Wall Street protests * Taksim Gezi Park 2013 * June 2013 Egyptian protests * Euromaidan protests in Ukraine, Nov. 2013 through Feb. 2014 * Black Lives Matter 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Protest」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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