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Proto-Esperanto ((エスペラント:pra-Esperanto)) is the modern term for any of the stages in the evolution of L. L. Zamenhof's language project, prior to the publication of his ''Unua Libro'' in 1887. ==The ''Lingwe uniwersala'' of 1878== As a child, Zamenhof had the idea to introduce an international auxiliary language for communication between different nationalities. He originally wanted to revive some form of simplified Latin or Greek, but as he grew older he came to believe that it would be better to create a new language for his purpose. During his teenage years he worked on a language project until he thought it ready for public demonstration. On December 17, 1878 (about one year before the first publication of Volapük), Zamenhof celebrated his birthday and the birth of the language with some friends, who liked the project. Zamenhof himself called his language ''Lingwe Uniwersala'' ("world language"). ''W'' is used for ''v''. Otherwise, all modern Esperanto letters are attested apart from ''ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ, ŭ''. Known verb forms are present ''-á'', imperative ''-ó'', infinitive ''-are''.〔Zamenhof appears to have not distinguished acute and grave accents in his orthography (Kiselman 2010:53).〕 Nouns were marked by ''-e'' in the singular and ''-es'' in the plural; the article was singular ''la'' and plural ''las''. It appears that there was no accusative case, and that stress was as in modern Esperanto, except when marked, as in ''-á'' and ''-ó''. Only four lines of the ''Lingwe uniwersala'' stage of the language from 1878 remain, from an early song that Zamenhof composed: In modern Esperanto, this would be, :''Malamikeco de la nacioj, :''Falu, falu, jam temp' estas; :''La tuta homaro en familion :''Unuiĝi (kununuigi sin ) devas. ''Jam temp' está'' remains an idiom in modern Esperanto, an allusion to this song. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Proto-Esperanto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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