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The proto-Mongols emerged from an area which had been inhabited by humans and predecessor hominin species as far back as the Stone Age over 800,000 years ago.〔(Хүрээлэнгийн эрдэм шинжилгээний ажлын ололт амжилт ) (in Mongolian)〕 The peoples there went through the Bronze and Iron Ages, forming tribal alliances and coming into conflict with early China. The Proto-Mongols formed various tribal kingdoms that fought against each other for supremacy, such as the Rouran Khaganate from 333 to 555 AD until it was defeated by the Göktürks, who founded the Turkic Khaganate (552-744), which in turn was subdued by the growing strength of the Chinese Tang dynasty. The destruction of the Uyghur Khaganate (744 — 848) by the Yenisei Kirghiz resulted in the end of Turkic dominance in Mongolia. The para-Mongol Khitan people founded a state known as the Liao dynasty (907-1125) in Central Asia and ruled Mongolia and portions of the eastern coast of Siberia now known as the Russian Far East, northern Korea, and North China. Over the next few hundred years, the Chinese subtly encouraged warfare among the Mongols as a way of keeping them distracted from invading China. In the 12th century, Genghis Khan was able to unite or conquer the warring tribes, forging them into a unified fighting force which went on to create the largest contiguous empire in world history, the Mongol Empire; which was able to conquer the whole of China, and establish the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. ==Origins== Archaeological evidence proves that early Stone Age hominins habitated in Mongolia 850,000 years ago. By the first millennium BC, bronze-working peoples lived in Mongolia. With the appearance of iron weapons by the 3rd century BC, the inhabitants of Mongolia had begun to form Clan alliances and lived a hunter and herder lifestyle. The origins of more modern inhabitants are found among the forest hunters and nomadic tribes of Inner Asia. They inhabited a great arc of land extending generally from the Korean Peninsula in the east, across the northern tier of China to present-day Kazakhstan and to the Pamir Mountains and Lake Balkash in the west. During most of recorded history, this has been an area of constant ferment from which emerged numerous migrations and invasions to the southeast (into China), to the southwest (into Transoxiana—modern Uzbekistan, Iran, and India), and to the west (across Scythia toward Europe). By the 8th century BC, the inhabitants of much of this region evidently were nomadic Indo-European speakers, either Scythians or their kin. Also scattered throughout the area were many other tribes that were primarily Mongol in their ethnologic characteristics. By the eighth century B.C., the inhabitants of Mongolian western part evidently were nomadic Indo-European speakers, either Scythians 〔(countrystudies.us - Origins of the Mongols )〕 or Yuezhi. In central and eastern parts of Mongolia were many other tribes that were primarily Mongol in their ethnologic characteristics.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Proto-Mongols」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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