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Proto-Samoyed or Proto-Samoyedic is the reconstructed ancestral language of the Samoyedic languages, i.e. Nenets (Tundra and Forest), Enets, Nganasan, Selkup, as well as extinct Kamas and Mator. Samoyedic is one of the principal branches of the Uralic language family, and its ancestor is Proto-Uralic. == Phonology == A fairly complex system of vowel phonemes is reconstructed for Proto-Samoyed: Two of the vowel contrasts are only retained in Nganasan: the distinction of front and back reduced vowels, and that of *i versus *e. For the remainder of the family, following the mergers *e → *i and *ø̈ → *ø, a further shared change is raising of *ä → *e.〔Helimski, Eugen: (The 13th Proto-Samoyedic vowel ). - In: Mikola-konferencia 2004. Szeged: SzTE Department of Finnougristics, 2005. 27-39.〕 Even though the number of vowel phonemes was high, there were no long vowels or phonemic diphthongs. A peculiar feature of the reconstructed vowel system is the occurrence of vowel sequences, which consisted of any full vowel followed by the reduced vowel /ə/: for example, *''tuə'' 'feather', *''kåəså'' 'man'. These sequences were not diphthongs; the vowels belonged to separate syllables. Evidence of the vowel sequences has been preserved in only part of the Samoyed languages, primarily in Nganasan and Enets. Proto-Samoyed had vowel harmony like many other Uralic languages. Harmony determined whether a front vocalic or a back vocalic allomorph of a suffix was used. However, the restrictions imposed by vowel harmony were not absolute because also disharmonic word-stems can be reconstructed. Such stems break vowel harmony by combining front and back vowels: e.g. Proto-Samoyed *''kålä'' 'fish', *''wäsa'' 'iron' In contrast to the vowel system, the consonant system is rather simple with only 13 phonemes: The exact sound value of the affricate is not entirely clear; it may originally have been retroflex rather than dental or alveolar . It has remained distinct only in Selkup, merging elsewhere with *''t''. As in Proto-Uralic, the ancestor of Proto-Samoyedic, the first syllable of words was always stressed, and hence there was no contrastive stress. Contrastive tones did not occur either. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Proto-Samoyed language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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