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Provolone () is an Italian cheese that originated in Casilli near Vesuvius, where it is still produced in shapes varying from 10 to 15 cm (3.93–5.90 in) long pear, sausage, or cone shapes. Provolone-type cheeses are also produced in other countries. The most important provolone production region is Northwestern Italy. Provolone, provola, and provoleta are versions of the same basic cheese. Some versions of provolone are smoked.〔(Great Chicken Dishes ). p. 165.〕 ==History and varieties== The term ''provolone'' (meaning ''large provola'') appeared around the end of the 19th century, when it started to be manufactured in the southern regions of Italy, and this cheese assumed its current large size. The smaller sized variant is called provola (:ˈprɔːvola) and comes in plain and smoked ("''affumicata''") varieties. Modern provolone is a full-fat cow's milk cheese with a smooth skin, produced mainly in the Po River Valley regions of Lombardia and Veneto. It is produced in different shapes: like a very large sausage which may be up to 30 cm (1 ft) in diameter and 90 cm (3 ft) long, in a truncated bottle shape, and in a large pear shape with the characteristic round knob for hanging. The typical weight is 5 kg (11 lbs). Provolone is a semi-hard cheese with taste varying greatly from ''provolone piccante'' (sharp/piquant), aged for a minimum of four months and with a very sharp taste, to ''provolone dolce'' (sweet) with a very mild taste. In ''provolone piccante'', the distinctive piquant taste is produced with lipase (enzyme) derived from goat. The ''Dolce'' version uses calf's lipase instead. Both ''provolone valpadana'' and ''provolone del Monaco ''(from the Naples area of Italy) have received the DOP (Protected Designation of Origin) seal from the European Community. In Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and Uruguay, small discs of locally produced pulled-curd provolone of 10 to 15 cm (3.93—5.90 in) in diameter and 1 to 2 cm (.39—.78 in) in height are sometimes grilled until partially melted and eaten as a starter, often seasoned with herbs. The cheese when served this way is often called ''provoleta'' in Spanish. Provolone is also produced in the United States. It finds many uses, including on pizzas and on sandwiches; in particular, the Philadelphia cheesesteak is historically made with provolone, and provolone remains an option at most reputable steak shops. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Provolone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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