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''Prunum'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails. The separation between the genera ''Prunum'' and ''Volvarina'' is not very precise. They form together a monophyletic clade. The differences between these two genera are based on differences in the morphology of the shell, the radula, the radular cartilage, the mantle and the internal anatomy.〔(Jeremy B.C. Jackson, Scott Lidgard, and Frank K. McKinney, Evolutionary patterns : growth, form and tempo in the fossil record, The University of Chicago Press, 2001, ISBN 0-226-38930-8 )〕 A rather arbitrary criterion is currently used to distinguish between the two genera. The large species with a strong callus are placed in ''Prunum'', the slender species with a thin callus in ''Volvarina'', leaving in between many ambiguous species. To date (2010) there is no phylogenetic analysis behind the current generic placements 〔 ==Species== Species within the genus ''Prunum'' include:〔 * ''Prunum abyssorum'' (Tomlin, 1916) * ''Prunum albertoangelai'' Cossignani, 2005 * ''Prunum albertoi'' Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 * ''Prunum albuminosa'' (Dall, 1919) * ''Prunum aletes'' Roth, 1978 * ''Prunum amabile'' (Redfield, 1852) * ''Prunum amphorale'' de Souza, 1992 * ''Prunum amygdalum'' Kiener * ''Prunum annulatum'' (Reeve, 1865) * ''Prunum antillanum'' (Sarasúa, 1992) * ''Prunum apicinum'' (Menke, 1828) * ''Prunum augusta'' (Thiele, 1925) * ''Prunum bahiense'' (Tomlin 1917) * ''Prunum batabanoense'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2002 * ''Prunum bayonai'' Cossignani, 2009 * ''Prunum beali'' (McGinty, 1940) * ''Prunum bellulum'' (Dall, 1890) * ''Prunum boreale'' (A. E. Verrill, 1884) * ''Prunum cahuitaensis'' Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 * ''Prunum caledonicum'' Cossignani, 2001 * ''Prunum camachoi'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 * ''Prunum canasense'' Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 * ''Prunum caneli'' Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007 * ''Prunum canilla'' (Dall, 1927) * ''Prunum carneum'' (Storer, 1837) * ''Prunum cassis'' (Dall, 1889) * ''Prunum catochense'' Cossignani, 2004 * ''Prunum chagosi'' Hayes & Boyer, 1997 * ''Prunum chumi'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2000 * ''Prunum cinctum'' (Kiener, 1834) * ''Prunum cineraceum'' (Dall, 1889) * ''Prunum circumvittatum'' (Weisbord, 1962) * ''Prunum coltrorum'' Cossignani, 2005 * ''Prunum conchibellum'' Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 * ''Prunum cubanum'' Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977 * ''Prunum curtum'' (G.B. Sowerby, 1832) * ''Prunum damasoi'' Cossignani, 2006 * ''Prunum dawnbrinkae'' Massier, 1993 * ''Prunum dinisioi'' Cossignani, 2006 * ''Prunum enriquevidali'' Espinosa & Ortea, 1995 * ''Prunum estafaniae'' Pérez-Dionis, Ortea & Espinosa, 2009 * ''Prunum evelynae'' (Bayer, 1943) * ''Prunum flori'' Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 * ''Prunum fortunatum'' (Clover & Macca, 1990) * ''Prunum frumari'' Petuch & Sargent, 2012 * ''Prunum fulgidum'' Lussi & Smith, 1999 *'' Prunum fulminatum'' (Kiener, 1841) * ''Prunum gijon'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2006 * ''Prunum goliat'' Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 * ''Prunum gorgonense'' Roth, 1978 * ''Prunum guttatum'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Prunum hartleyanum'' (Schwengel, 1941) * ''Prunum holandae'' Espinosa & Ortea, 1999 * ''Prunum humboldti'' Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009 * ''Prunum javii'' Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2013 * ''Prunum josealejandroi'' Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 * ''Prunum labiatum'' (Kiener, 1841) * ''Prunum labrosum'' (Redfield, 1870) * ''Prunum lalanai'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 * ''Prunum leonardhilli'' Petuch, 1990 * ''Prunum lipei'' (Clover, 1990) * ''Prunum lizanoi'' Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 * ''Prunum lorenae'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 * ''Prunum mabellae'' (Melvill & Standen, 1901) * ''Prunum macleani'' Roth, 1978 * ''Prunum magnificum'' (Sarasúa, 1989) * ''Prunum marginatum'' (Born, 1778) * ''Prunum mariateresae'' Cossignani, 2009 * ''Prunum martini'' (Petit, 1853) * ''Prunum mingueloi'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 * ''Prunum monile'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '] Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2014 * ''Prunum nataliae'' Pérez-Dionis, Ortea & Espinosa, 2009 * ''Prunum negoi'' Cossignani, 2005 * ''Prunum niciezai'' Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 * ''Prunum nivosum'' (Hinds, 1844) * ''Prunum nobilianum'' (Bayer, 1943) * ''Prunum oblongum'' (Swainson, 1829) (nomen dubium) * ''Prunum olivaeforme'' (Kiener, 1834) * ''Prunum pacotalaverai'' Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2014 * ''Prunum pellucidum'' (Pfeiffer, 1840) * ''Prunum pergrandis'' (Clover, 1974) * ''Prunum pinerum'' Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977 * ''Prunum poulosi'' Lipe, 1996 * ''Prunum pruinosum'' (Hinds, 1844) * ''Prunum prunum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Prunum pulchrum'' (Gray, 1839) * ''Prunum pulidoi'' Espinosa & Ortea, 1999 * ''Prunum pyrumoides'' Lussi & Smith, 1999 * ''Prunum quelimanensis'' Bozzetti, 2001 * ''Prunum quinteroi'' Espinosa & Ortea, 1999 * ''Prunum redfieldii'' (Tryon, 1882) * ''Prunum roscidum'' (Redfield, 1860) * ''Prunum rostratum'' (Redfield, 1870) * ''Prunum rubens'' (Martens, 1881) * ''Prunum sapotilla'' (Hinds, 1844) * ''Prunum saulcyanum'' (Petit, 1851) * ''Prunum sauliae'' (G.B. Sowerby II, 1846) * ''Prunum smalli'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2002 * ''Prunum storeria'' (Couthouy, 1837) * ''Prunum succineum'' (Conrad, 1846) * ''Prunum tacoense'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2014 * ''Prunum terverianum'' (Petit, 1851) * ''Prunum tethys'' Lussi & Smith, 1999 * ''Prunum thalassicola'' Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007 * ''Prunum torticulum'' (Dall, 1881) * ''Prunum virginianum'' (Conrad, 1868) * ''Prunum walvisianum'' (Tomlin, 1920) * ''Prunum woodbridgei'' (Hertlein & Strong, 1951) ;Species brought into synonymy : * ''Prunum abbreviatum'' (C.B. Adams, 1850) : synonym of ''Volvarina lactea'' (Kiener, 1841) * ''Prunum adelum'' (Thiele, 1925) : synonym of ''Volvarina adela'' (Thiele, 1925) * ''Prunum aguayoi'' Ortea & Espinosa, 1996 : synonym of ''Prunum lipei'' (Clover, 1990) * ''Prunum agulhasensis'' Thiele, 1925 : synonym of ''Hydroginella agulhasensis'' (Thiele, 1925) * ''Prunum alabaster'' Reeve, 1865 : synonym of ''Volvarina rubella navicella'' Reeve, 1865 * ''Prunum ameliensis'' (Tomlin 1917) : synonym of ''Volvarina ameliensis'' (Tomlin, 1917) * ''Prunum attenuatum'' (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of ''Volvarina attenuata'' (Reeve, 1865) * ''Prunum avenacea'' (Deshayes, 1844): synonym of ''Prunum bellulum'' (Dall, 1890) * ''Prunum avenella'' (Dall, 1881): synonym of ''Volvarina avenella'' (Dall, 1881) * ''Prunum avenellum'' (Dall, 1881): synonym of ''Volvarina avenella'' (Dall, 1881) * ''Prunum batabanoensis'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2002: synonym of ''Prunum batabanoense'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2002 * ''Prunum bellum'' (Conrad, 1868): synonym of ''Prunum avenacea'' (Deshayes, 1844) * ''Prunum caerulescens'' Lamarck, 1822 : synonym of ''Prunum prunum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Prunum canellum'' (Jousseaume, 1875): synonym of ''Prunum rostratum'' (Redfield, 1870) * ''Prunum cantharus'' Reeve, 1865 : synonym of ''Prunum capensis'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Prunum capensis'' (Krauss, 1848) : synonym of ''Volvarina capensis'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Prunum carnum'' Storer, 1837 : synonym of ''Prunum carneum'' (Storer, 1837) * ''Prunum charbarensis'' (Melvill, 1897) : synonym of ''Volvarina charbarensis'' (Melvill, 1897) * ''Prunum colomborum'' Bozzetti, 1995 : synonym of ''Marginella colomborum'' (Bozzetti, 1995) * ''Prunum conchibellus'' Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 : synonym of ''Prunum conchibellum'' Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 * ''Prunum crassilabrum'' (G.B. Sowerby I, 1846) : synonym of ''Prunum labrosum'' (Redfield, 1870) * ''Prunum deliciosum'' (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1912) : synonym of ''Volvarina deliciosa'' (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1913) * ''Prunum evax'' Li, 1930 : synonym of ''Prunum sapotilla'' (Hinds, 1844) * ''Prunum exile'' (Gmelin, 1791) : synonym of ''Volvarina exilis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Prunum fraterculus'' E.A. Smith, 1915 : synonym of ''Prunum martini'' (Petit, 1853) * ''Prunum hartleyanum'' (Schwengel, 1941): synonym of ''Prunum virginianum hartleyana'' (Schwengel, 1941) * ''Prunum helena'' Thiele, 1925 : synonym of ''Hyalina helena'' (Thiele, 1925) * ''Prunum hoffi'' Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991 : synonym of ''Canalispira hoffi'' (Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991) * ''Prunum hondurasense'' (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of ''Prunum pulchrum'' (Gray, 1839) * ''Prunum hondurasensis'' (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of ''Prunum pulchrum'' (Gray, 1839) * ''Prunum insulanum'' (Gofas & Fernandes, 1988) : synonym of ''Volvarina insulana'' Gofas & Fernandes, 1988 * ''Prunum joubini'' Bavay, 1913 : synonym of ''Prunum bahiense'' (Tomlin, 1917) * ''Prunum keenii'' Marrat, 1871 : synonym of ''Hyalina keenii'' (Marrat, 1871) * ''Prunum laetitium'' (Thiele, 1925) : synonym of ''Volvarina laetitia'' (Thiele, 1925) * ''Prunum longivaricosa'' Lamarck, 1822 : synonym of ''Prunum guttatum'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Prunum marianae'' Bozzetti, 1999 : synonym of ''Prunum pyrumoides'' Lussi & G. Smith, 1999 * ''Prunum olivaeformis'' (Kiener, 1834) : synonym of ''Prunum olivaeforme'' (Kiener, 1834) * ''Prunum riparia'' Gofas & Fernandes, 1992 : synonym of ''Volvarina riparia'' Gofas & Fernandes, 1992 * ''Prunum roberti'' (Bavay, 1917) : synonym of ''Volvarina roberti'' (Bavay, 1917) * ''Prunum roosevelti'' Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 : synonym of P''runum amabile'' (Redfield, 1852) * ''Prunum serrei'' Bavay, 1913 : synonym of ''Volvarina serrei'' (Bavay, 1913) * ''Prunum sowerbyanum'' Petit, 1851 : synonym of ''Prunum monile'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Prunum styrium'' Dall, 1889 : synonym of ''Volvarina styria'' (Dall, 1889) * ''Prunum succinea'' (Conrad, 1846): synonym of ''Prunum succineum'' (Conrad, 1846) * ''Prunum tacoensis'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2014: synonym of ''Prunum tacoense'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2014 * ''Prunum yucatecana'' (Dall, 1881) : synonym of ''(yucatecanus )]'' (Dall, 1881) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prunum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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