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・ Pseudorasbora
・ Pseudorationalism
・ Pseudorbilia
・ Pseudorbis
・ Pseudorbis granulum
・ Pseudorbis jameoensis
・ Pseudorchis
・ Pseudorealism
・ Pseudoreaster obtusangulus
・ Pseudorectes
・ Pseudoredlichia
・ Pseudoreflection
・ Pseudoregma bambucicola
・ Pseudoreligion
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Pseudoreplication
・ Pseudoresserops
・ Pseudorgyia
・ Pseudorhabdosynochus
・ Pseudorhabdosynochus americanus
・ Pseudorhabdosynochus auitoe
・ Pseudorhabdosynochus beverleyburtonae
・ Pseudorhabdosynochus buitoe
・ Pseudorhabdosynochus bunkleywilliamsae
・ Pseudorhabdosynochus capurroi
・ Pseudorhabdosynochus contubernalis
・ Pseudorhabdosynochus cuitoe
・ Pseudorhabdosynochus duitoe
・ Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli
・ Pseudorhabdosynochus euitoe


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Pseudoreplication : ウィキペディア英語版
Pseudoreplication
Pseudoreplication, as originally defined
, is a special case of inadequate specification of random factors where both random and fixed factors are present.
The problem of inadequate specification arises when treatments are assigned to units that are subsampled and the treatment F-ratio in an analysis of variance (ANOVA) table is formed with respect to the residual mean square rather than with respect to the among unit mean square. The F-ratio relative to the within unit mean square is vulnerable to the confounding of treatment and unit effects, especially when experimental unit number is small (''e.g.'' four tank units, two tanks treated, two not treated, several subsamples per tank). The problem is eliminated by forming the F-ratio relative to the correct mean square in the ANOVA table (tank by treatment MS in the example above), where this is possible. The problem is addressed by the use of mixed models.〔
==Replication==
Replication increases the precision of an estimate, while randomization addresses the broader applicability of a sample to a population. Replication must be appropriate: replication at the experimental unit level must be considered, in addition to replication within units.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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