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Psychedelic drug
A psychedelic substance is a psychoactive drug whose primary action is to alter cognition and perception, typically by agonising serotonin receptors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Serotonin and Hallucinogens )〕 Psychedelics are part of a wider class of psychoactive drugs known as hallucinogens, a class that also includes mechanistically unrelated substances such as dissociatives and deliriants. Unlike other drugs such as stimulants and opioids which induce familiar states of consciousness, psychedelics tend to affect the mind in ways that result in the experience being qualitatively different from those of ordinary consciousness. The psychedelic experience is often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as trance, meditation, yoga, religious ecstasy, dreaming and even near-death experiences. With a few exceptions, most psychedelic drugs fall into one of the three following families of chemical compounds; tryptamines, phenethylamines, and lysergamides.
Many psychedelic drugs are illegal worldwide under the UN conventions unless used in a medical or religious context, such as medical cannabis or ayahuasca. Despite these regulations, recreational use of psychedelics is common.
==Origin of term==
The term ''psychedelic'' is derived from the Greek words ψυχή (''psyche'', "soul, mind") and δηλείν (''delein'', "to manifest"), hence "soul-manifesting", the implication being that psychedelics can access the soul and develop unused potentials of the human mind.〔A. Weil, W. Rosen. (1993), ''From Chocolate To Morphine:Everything You Need To Know About Mind-Altering Drugs''.New York, Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 93〕 The word was coined in 1956 by British psychiatrist, Humphry Osmond, the spelling loathed by American ethnobotanist, Richard Schultes, but championed by the American psychologist, Timothy Leary.〔W. Davis (1996), "One River: Explorations and Discoveries in the Amazon Rain Forest". New York, Simon and Schuster, Inc. p. 120〕
Aldous Huxley had suggested to Humphry Osmond in 1956 his own coinage ''phanerothyme'' (Greek "phaneroein-" visible + Greek "thymos" soul, thus "visible soul").〔https://ia700700.us.archive.org/20/items/mokshawritingson00aldo/mokshawritingson00aldo.pdf〕 Recently, the term entheogenic has come into use to denote the use of psychedelic drugs in a religious/spiritual/mystical context.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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