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Psychopathology is the scientific study of mental disorders, including efforts to understand their genetic, biological, psychological, and social causes; effective classification schemes (nosology); course across all stages of development; manifestations; and treatment. The word ''psychopathology'' has a Greek origin: 'psyche' means "soul", 'pathos' is defined as "suffering", and '-ology' is "the study of". Wholly, Psychopathology is defined as the origin of mental disorders, how they develop, and the symptoms they might produce in a person. Patients with mental disorders are customarily cared for by psychiatrists, doctors specialized in mental health who diagnose and treat patients through medication or psychotherapy. In such a way, psychiatric professionals treat persons with mental disorders through the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders''. A guideline of classified mental disorders used by psychiatrists to specify symptoms of particular disorders and diagnose potential patients. ==History of psychopathology== Early explanations for mental illnesses were greatly influenced by religious belief. What is presently identified as mental disorders was initially attributed to possessions by evil spirits, demons, and the devil. This idea was widely accepted up until the Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries. Individuals who suffered from these so called "possessions" were tortured as treatment. Doctors used this technique in hopes of bringing their patients back to sanity. Those who failed to return to sanity after torture were executed. Hippocrates, one of the most notable Greek physicians of the fourth century BC, was one of the first to reject the idea that mental disorders were caused by possession of demons or the devil. He firmly believed the symptoms of mental disorders were due to diseases originating in the brain. Hippocrates suspected that these states of insanity were due to imbalances of fluids in the body. He identified these fluids to be four in particular: blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm. Hippocrates is remembered as the father of medicine. Furthermore, not far from Hippocrates, famous philosopher Plato would come to argue the mind, body, and spirit worked as a unit. Any imbalance brought to these compositions of the individual could bring distress or lack of harmony within the individual. This philosophical idea would remain in perspective until the seventeenth century. In the eighteenth century's Romantic Movement, the idea that healthy parent-child relationships provided sanity became a prominent idea. Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau introduced the notion that trauma in childhood could have negative implications later in adulthood. In the nineteenth century, greatly influenced by Rousseau's ideas and philosophy, famous philosopher George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel would bring about Psychotherapy. Talking therapy would originate from his ideas on the individual's experiences and the natural human efforts to make sense of the world and life. Psychopathology would arise from his established school in Germany and his philosophy of life. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Psychopathology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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