|
''Puffinus'' is a genus of seabirds in the order Procellariiformes. It comprises about 20 small to medium-sized shearwaters. Two other shearwater genera are named: ''Calonectris'', which comprises three large shearwaters, and ''Procellaria'' with another four large species. The latter are usually called ''petrels'', although they are thought to be more closely related to the shearwaters than to the other petrels. Despite the resemblance in the name, the puffins are auks, and completely unrelated to the shearwaters in the genus ''Puffinus''; the genus name ''Puffinus'' is actually a New Latin loanword based on the English "puffin". The original Latin term for shearwaters was usually the catchall name for sea-birds, ''mergus''.〔 The taxonomy of this group is the cause of much debate, and the number of recognised species depends on the source. The species in this group are long-winged birds, dark brown or black above, and white to dark brown below. They are pelagic outside the breeding season. They are most common in temperate and cold waters. These tubenose birds fly with stiff wings, and use a shearing flight technique to move across wave fronts with the minimum of active flight. Some small species, such as the Manx shearwater, are cruciform in flight, with their long wings held directly out from their bodies. Many are long-distance migrants, perhaps most spectacularly the sooty and short-tailed shearwaters, which perform migrations of 14,000 km or more each year. ''Puffinus'' shearwaters come to islands and coastal cliffs only to breed. They are nocturnal at the colonial breeding sites, preferring moonless nights to minimise predation. They nest in burrows and often give eerie contact calls on their night-time visits. They lay a single white egg. They feed on fish, squid and similar oceanic food. Some will follow fishing boats to take scraps, notably the sooty shearwater; these species also commonly follow whales to feed on fish disturbed by them. ==Taxonomy== Traditionally, ''Puffinus'' has been grouped with the ''Procellaria'' and ''Calonectris'' shearwaters. However, more recent results〔〔〔 have determined that the genus is apparently paraphyletic and while in part very close to ''Calonectris'', forms a clade with the genera ''Pseudobulweria'' and ''Lugensa'', which were formerly presumed to be gadfly petrels, and can be divided in what has been called the "Puffinus" and the "Neonectris" group after notable species; the latter would if separated as a distinct genus be named ''Ardenna''.〔 The former is taxonomically confusing, with species having been split and remerged in the last years.〔〔 Genus ''Puffinus'' * (Sub)Genus ''Puffinus'' ("Puffinus" group) – smaller species, closely related to ''Calonectris'' * * Christmas shearwater, ''Puffinus nativitatis'' * * Manx shearwater, ''Puffinus puffinus'' * * Yelkouan shearwater, ''Puffinus yelkouan '' * * Balearic shearwater, ''Puffinus mauretanicus '' * * Bryan's shearwater, ''Puffinus bryani'' * * Black-vented shearwater, ''Puffinus opisthomelas '' * * Townsend's shearwater, ''Puffinus auricularis '' * * Newell's shearwater, ''Puffinus newelli'' * * Rapa shearwater, ''Puffinus myrtae'' * * Fluttering shearwater, ''Puffinus gavia'' * * Hutton's shearwater, ''Puffinus huttoni'' * * Audubon's shearwater, ''Puffinus lherminieri'' * * Persian shearwater, ''Puffinus persicus'' * * Tropical shearwater or Baillon's shearwater, ''Puffinus bailloni'' * * Galápagos shearwater, ''Puffinus subalaris'' * * Bannerman's shearwater, ''Puffinus bannermani'' * * Heinroth's shearwater, ''Puffinus heinrothi'' * * Little shearwater, ''Puffinus assimilis '' * * Barolo shearwater, ''Puffinus baroli'' * * Boyd's shearwater, ''Puffinus boydi'' * * Subantarctic shearwater, ''Puffinus elegans'' * (Sub)Genus ''Ardenna'' ("Neonectris" group) – larger species, a distinct lineage * * Wedge-tailed shearwater or muttonbird (Northern and western Australia), ''Puffinus pacificus'' * * Buller's shearwater, ''Puffinus bulleri'' * * Sooty shearwater or muttonbird (New Zealand), ''Puffinus griseus '' * * Short-tailed shearwater or muttonbird (Southern Australia), ''Puffinus tenuirostris'' * * Pink-footed shearwater, ''Puffinus creatopus'' * * Flesh-footed shearwater, ''Puffinus carneipes'' * * Great shearwater, ''Puffinus gravis '' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Puffinus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|