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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Punggawa ： ウィキペディア英語版 Punggawa Punggawa is a title for a traditional local administrator, used in various parts of Indonesia. On Bali and by extension Lombok, the punggawa held the function of a hereditary vassal lord of a district, subservient to the raja. The term originally applied to the northern kingdom Buleleng, the southern district chiefs being known as ''manca'' or ''manca agung''. With the Dutch conquest of Bali in 1906-1908, the term was applied by colonial administration to the entire island.〔Henk Schulte Nordholt, ''The Spell of Power; A History of Balinese Politics, 1650-1940''. Leiden 1996, pp. 145-6, 219.〕 On Sulawesi, too, the term was used for chiefs serving a major lord, in the form ''pongawa''. In Javanese culture the punggawa is a court official in shadow plays (wayang). ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Punggawa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.