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|image = |population = Punjabis approx. 140 million〔Pakistan, Punjab + Indian, Punjab + Diaspora〕 Punjabi diaspora ~10 million〔http://apnaorg.com/articles/ishtiaq8/〕 |region1= |pop1= 92,531,483 (2011)〔Punjab & Islamabad Capital Territory〕〔http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-13514-Population-shoots-up-by-47-percent-since-1998〕 |ref1=〔https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html〕 |region2= |pop2= 44,256,724〔Indian population includes the total populations (Census 2011) of Chandigarh and Punjab, (35% of Delhi ) and (38% of Haryana ).〕〔http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/pakistan_ethnic_80.jpg〕〔http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf〕 |ref2= |region3= |pop3=2,100,000 |ref3= |region4= |pop4=720,000 |region5= |pop5= 545,730 |ref5=〔(Punjabi second largest immigrant language spoken in Canada – Newseastwest: The Indian diaspora, Bollywood ). Newseastwest (25 October 2012).〕 |region6= |pop6= 250,000 |ref6=〔http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/population/ancestry_language_spoken_at_home.html〕 |region7= |pop7=185,000 |region8= |pop8=71,228〔http://mcnair.com.au/wp-content/uploads/McNair-Ingenuity-Research-In-Language-Media-Consumption-Infographic.pdf〕 |region9= |pop9=19,752 (2013)〔http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/data-tables/totals-by-topic/totals-by-topic-tables.xls〕 |langs= | religions = Predominantly: Islam in Pakistan Hinduism in India Sikhism in India Minorities: |related = }} The Punjabis (Punjabi: (Shahmukhi), ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Gurmukhi); Hindi: पंजाबी (Devanagari)), also spelt Panjabis, are an ethnic group of Indo-Aryan peoples, originating from the Punjab region, found in Pakistan and northern India. Punjab literally means the land of five waters (Persian: panj ("five") āb ("waters"). The name of the region was introduced by the Turko-Persian conquerors of India and more formally popularized during the Mughal Empire.〔 Punjab is often referred to as the breadbasket in both Pakistan and India. The pinnacle of power for any local Punjabi population came in the later part of the 18th century when the secular Sikh Empire was established by Ranjit Singh who conquered the Kashmir valley, Ladakh, along with modern-day Gilgit-Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and annexed it into greater Punjab region.〔http://heritage.gov.pk/html_pages/sikh.htm : Sikh Empire History〕〔http://www.sikharchives.com/?p=7013 : Map of the Sikh Empire〕 The coalescence of the various tribes, castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab into a broader common "Punjabi" identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE. Prior to that the sense and perception of a common "Punjabi" ethno-cultural identity and community did not exist, even though the majority of the various communities of the Punjab had long shared linguistic, cultural and racial commonalities. Traditionally, Punjabi identity is primarily linguistic, geographical and cultural. Its identity is independent of historical origin or religion, and refers to those who reside in the Punjab region, or associate with its population, and those who consider the Punjabi language their mother tongue. Integration and assimilation are important parts of Punjabi culture, since Punjabi identity is not based solely on tribal connections. More or less all Punjabis share the same cultural background.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Languages : Indo-European Family )〕 Historically, the Punjabi people were a heterogeneous group and were subdivided into a number of clans called ''biradari'' (literally meaning "brotherhood") or ''tribes'', with each person bound to a clan. However, Punjabi identity also included those who did not belong to any of the historical tribes. With the passage of time tribal structures are coming to an end and are being replaced with a more cohesive and holistic society. That is why community building and group cohesiveness〔http://www.oecd.org/dev/pgd/internationalconferenceonsocialcohesionanddevelopment.htm : The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Webpage for Group Cohesiveness〕 form the new pillars of Punjabi society. ==Geographic distribution== In Pakistan, Punjabis constitute the largest ethnic group, accounting for half of the country's population. They reside predominantly in the province of Punjab, neighbouring Azad Kashmir in the region of Jammu and Kashmir and in Islamabad Capital Territory. Punjabis are also found in large communities in the largest city of Pakistan, Karachi, located in the Sindh province. Punjabis in India can be found in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, as well as in Delhi and the Union Territory of Chandigarh. Large communities of Punjabis are also found in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir and in Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. In Delhi, 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Punjabis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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